الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 157 |  |  |
| | | from | 157 | | |
Abstract
In the present work, the pharmacokinetic profiles of ampicillin and apramycin were studied following intramuscular administration in normal and pneumonic calves. Bioavailability of both drugs were calculated in normal calves after intramuscular administration • The—in vitro protien binding percent was determined as well as the efficacy of both used antibiotics for treatment of pneumonic calves, The concentration of ampicillin and apramycin in serum and urine were assayed microbiologically. The creatinine concentration in serum and urine were calculated as well as the amount of urine flow. The urine/serum concentration ratios were also calculated. The creatinine clearance as well as ampicillin or apramycin clearance were calculated. The ampicillin or apramycin clearance / creatinine clearance were also calculated. 6-1. Ampicillin:— Following a single intramuscular dose of ampicillin (10mg/kg b.wt.) a maximum serum concentration was recorded at 1 hour with half life of absorption (to Nab)) valued with 0.36 and 0.27 hour in normal and pneumonic calves respectively. The elimination half lives (to .5(p1) were 1.47 h (in normal calves) and 2.18 h
(in pneumonic calves). The mean peak urine concentrations of
ampicillin occured 4 h post— injection with values of 12.1 ug/ml for normal and 10.59 ug/ml for pnenmonic calves respectively. Following a single intravenous dosage (10 mg/kg b.wt.) in normal calves previously given ampicillin intramuscularly the drug obayed a two compartments open model with half life of distribution (to 5(cc )) of 0.35 h (V`c) was equal to 1.25 ml/kg the (Vd(area)) and (Vd88) were 5.57 and 2.39 ml/kg The mean systemic bioa- vailability following intramuscular dose was 52.9 %. The mean peak urine concentration of ampicillin was detected 1 hour post—intravenous injection with value of 19.3 ug/ml. During repeated intramuscular injection (10 mg/kg b.wt.) three times daily for five consecutive days the highest serum concen-trations of ampicillin occured 1 hour post each dose in normal and pneumonic calves. The elimination half lives (t0.5(3)) ranged from 1.48 to 1.5 h in normal calves and 2.18 to 2.89 h in pneumonic calves. The mean peak urine concentrations occured 4 hour post administration with valus of 12.1 to 15.71 in normal and 10.8 to 15.8 ug/ml in pneumonic calves. The—in vitro protein binding percent of ampicillin was 6.49 %. Urine / serum concentration showed increase after 1st, dose in pneumonic calves. The creatinine concentration in serum and urine showed non significant change in normal and pneumonic calvas as well as the amount of urine voided. The rate of ampicillin clearance indicated that the ampicillin was eliminated mainly by glomerular filteration with significant amount reabsorbed back to the blood. 6-2 Apramyein:— F ollowing a single intramuscular dose of apramycin (20 mg/kg b.wt.).The highest serum concentration occured 2 hour post—injection with values of 61.5 ug/ml and 46.5 ug/ml in normal and pneumonic calves respectively. The absorption half lives (to.s(ab)) were
0.637 h in normal and 0.487 h in pneumonic calves. The elimination half lives were 2.44 h in normal and 2.31 h in pneumonic calves. The mean peak urine concentration occured 4 hour post injection with values of 138.25 ug/ml in normal calves and 117.25 ug/ml in pneumonic calves.
Following a single intravenous dose (20 mg/kg b.wt.) in normal calves previously given apramycin intramuscularly the drug followed a two compartments open model with distribution half life (to (cc- j) equal to 0.19 h. The (V`c) (\Ta(ar.) (vd.e were 97.13, 153, 159.22 ml/kg respectively. The elimination half life to 5(r) was 2.35 and cltot was 0.447 ml/kg/min. The mean systemic bioavailability after intramuscular injection was 61.98 %. The mean peak urine concentration accured 1 hour post injection
with values 361.75 ug/m1 respectively. During repeated intramuscular injection of (20 mg/kg b.wt.) two times daily for five days, apramycin peaked in serum 2 hours after each dose with elimination half live (to 930 ranged
from 2.24 h to 3.18 h (normal calves) and from 2.31 to 2.78 h (pneumonic calves). The—in vitro protien binding percent of apramycin
was 2.29 %. Urine / serum concentration revealed significant increase in pneumonic calves than in normal calves. .ieatinine concentration in urine and serum showed non significant change as well as rate of urine flow. The rate of apramycin clearance indicated that eliminated mainly by glomerular filtration with significant amount reabsorbed back to the blood.