الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was performed to investigate the
phammacodYnamic and nephrotoxic effects of royal jelly.
Concerning the pharmacodynamic studies, royal jelly at
concentrations of 1 to 50 ug/mI bath had no effect on motility of guinea pig’s ileum , 100 to 200 ug I ml bath produced slight
stimulation in the force of contraction , but 300 to 500 ug I ml bath caused marked stimulation in the force and rate of
contraction moreover, spasmodic contraction was produced by 1000 ug / ml bath royal jelly.
Royal jelly in concentrations of I to 50 ug I ml bath had no
effect on the motility of isolated rabbit’s duodenum
Concentration of 100 and 200 ug I ml bath of royal jelly
caused slight stimulation on the force of contraction ,but 300 to1000 ug I ml bath was produced marked stimulation on the force while spasmodic contraction were produced by 2000 ug / ml bath of royal jelly. The site of action of royal jelly on the intestinal motility was proved to be myogenic in nature. Concentrations 1,5 and 10 ug / mg bath royal jelly had no effect on the contractiltiy of isolated rat’s colon , but 20 ,50 and 100 ug I ml bath had slight stimulator3’ effect on the force of contraction , but royal jelly at concentrations of 200 to 500 ug I ml bath caused marked stimulation in the force. Spasmodic contraction were produced by 1000 ug I ml bath royal jelly. Royal jelly in concentrations of 1 to 50 ug /rnl bath had no effect on the contractilt3’ of rat fundic strip , but at concentrations of 100 , 200 and 300 ug I ml bath induced slight stimulation in the contracitlity of rat fundic strip ,but 400 to 2000 ug! ml bath caused marked stimultion while 3000 ug / ml bath royal jelly produced spasmodic contraction . This stimulant effect was not blocked by addition of cyproheptadine perior to royal jelly. This result might be attributed to royal jelly exhibited a serotonine like effect by releasing of serotonin from its store. • Royal jelly in concentrations of I to 20 ug! ml bath had no effect on the motility of rat’s uterine muscle at different stages of sex cycle . CondentratiOns of 50 to 100 ug! ml bath induced slight stimulation in all stages of sex cycle except early pregnancy had no effect. but concentrations of 200 to 500 ug!ml bath caused marked stimulation in force and frequancy in all stages of sex cycle except in early pregnancy while concentrations from 1000 to 2000 ug / ml bath produced marked stimulation in all stages . The site of action of royal jelly on the uterine motility was proved to be myogenic in nature. This stimulatory effect might be attribulted to oestrogenic subitance in royal jelly which responsible for myogenic stimulatnat effect on uterus. Royal jelly in all tested concentrations did not induced any response on isolated guinea pig’s tracheal chain or isolated rabbit aortic strip. This result is due to antihistaminic action of royal jelly on the tracheal smooth muscles. Royal jelly in concentrations 1 to 50 ug! ml bath had no effect on isolated guinea pig auricles but 100 to 400 ug! ml bath produced slight stimulation in the force of contraction but 500 to 2000 ug I ml bath caused marked stimulation . This study proved that royal jelly had a direct myogenic effect on guinea pig auricles. Royal jelly in concentrations of I to 100 ug I ml cannula had no effect on isolated rabbit heart and concentrations of 200 to
500 ug I ml bath cannula produced slight stimulation in the force of contraction,.C0 trations of 1000 to 2000 ug I ml cannula caused marked stimulation in the force of contraction. Spasmodic contraction produced by 3000 ug / ml cannula. This action of royal jelly was attributed to direct effect on heart muscle. Royal jelly in concentrations of Ito 20 ug! ml bath had no effect on frog’s gastrocnemius muscle but 50 to 100 ug I ml bath caused slight inhibition ~fl the force. Concentrations of 200 to 500 ug I ml bath induced marked inhibition in the force of muscular twitch of frog gastrocnemius muscle which less in force than that induced by procaine hydrochloride.
Concentration of I uglml bath royal jelly caused slight
neuromuscular decrease in the contraction in the presence of acetylcholine. Concentrations of 5 and 10 ug Iml bath caused marked neuromuscular blocked of the contraction of frog rectus abdominus muscle. Complete neuromuscular blocked was induced by concentrations of 20 to 3000 uglml bath royal jelly. Royal jelly in concentrations of I to 50 ug!ml bath had no
effect on isolated rat phrenic nerve emidiaphragm , but concentrations from 100 to 400 ug/mi bath caused a slight inhibition.concent~fb~~s of 500 to 2000 ug/ml bath induced marked inhibition in the force. Royal jelly did not impaire the .stimulatoiy effect of prostigmine and acetylcholine.RoyaJ jelly had no neuromuscular activity on response to indirect muscle twitches but it exhibited local anasthetic activity Intravenous injection of royal jelly in dose of 15 rnglk.g b.wt had a slight hypotensive effect on blood pressure and decrease in the rate of respiration in anaesthetized dogs 30 uglml bath caused marked hypotensive effect and decrease in the rate of respiration. The hypotensive effect of royal jelly did not attributed to cholinomimetic effect or alha adrenergic blocking effect but might be attributed to its direct myogenic effect.
Single intramuscular injection of therapeutic dose
(26mgIk.g b.wt) and double the therapeutic dose (52 mg I k.g b.wt) of royal jelly in conscious rabbits had no effect in the parameters among a period of 24 hours
after injection. Royal jelly at a dose of 140 mg / k.g b.wt double therapeutic dose produce a highly significant analgesic effect indicated by longer reaction times in trated mice than in control group. Royal jelly in doses of 50 and 100 mg!k.g b.wt produced significant antipyritic effect.
Royal jelly induced a significant decrease in kidney weight
of rat injected with 50 and 100 mg/ml bath. Royal jelly in adose of 100 ug/mI bath caused significant increase in the amount of urine per day of the orally adminsitrated rats. The decrease of kidney weight is might be attributed to increasing of blood cortisol level by royal jelly lead to decrease in kidney weight. Royal jelly in dose of 100 mg /k.g b.wt produced significant increased on sodium and potassium level of serum as aresult of congestion of glomerular tuft and degenerative changes in renal epithelial cells showed in this study.
Royal jelly in doses of 50 and 100 mg/k.g b.wt cdused
significant decrease in calcium level of serum and urine Serum total protein was decreased following administration of 100 mg!k.g b.wt royal jelly in rats but 50 mg Ik.g b.wt had no effeet on total protein Decrease of total protein might be attributed to increased of cortisol level which led to increase in protein catabolism.
Royal jelly in doses of 50 and 100 mg!k.g b.wt produced
significant decrease in urine creatinine level while 100 mg !k.g b.wt royal jelly caused significant increase in serum the dose of 100 mg Ik.g b.wt to rats for 5 days induced highly significantly
decreased in creatinine clearance. This increase in serum urea due to protein catabolism Royal jelly in dose of 50 and 100 mg / k.g b.wt in rats caused highly significant increased in blood urea and significant decrease in urine urea concentration and urea clearance.
Royal jelly in 50 and 100 mg /k.g b.wt induced highly
significant decreased in total lipid of rats serum
Royal jelly in adose of 50 mg/k.g b.wt produced congestion and dilatation of renal blood vessels and proliferation of endothelial cell lining the blood vessels. Royal jelly in adose of 100 mg /k.g b.wt produced
congestion of the glomerular tuft, renal tubules showing mild
degenerative changes in epithelial cell in the form of dowdy
swelling, the presance of eosinophelic substance in the tubular lumen and the nuclei of the tubular epethelium were pyknotic and esinophilic substanOe is result in the tubular lumen.