الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was conducted on a recent automatic poultry-processing plant. Through this study, 3200 samples (1800 from broiler, 900 from layer and 500 processing water samples) were collected, prepared and examined bacteriologically. Regarding the sample types, sampling scheme, it could be summarized in the following:
-Broiler samples included, skin swabs (neck and back) at receiving, plucking, evisceration, washing and chilling, vent swabs at receiving then replaced by body cavity swabs at evisceration, washing and chilling in addition to blood swabs at killing then replaced by muscle samples after chilling, after freezing and after storage. These were quantitatively examined to compare the TEC with both APC and TCC.
-The above samples were examined to verify either the variance of TEC along the different stages and with the different sample types of significance or not.
-Similar samples were collected from the layer to compare the TEC with the corresponding APC.
-A comparative study between the TEC and APC in the broiler samples and the corresponding results in the layer samples
-The difference in the TEC between the samples of the broiler and layer at receiving and final products was tested to know if it is significant or not.
-The water samples were collected from the main current, scalding, plucking, washing and chilling to compare the TEC with APC and TCC plus testing the variance in TEC along these stages. -Finally all the broiler, layer and water samples were qualitatively examined to screen the presence of salmonella and to isolate and identify the common members of Enterobacteriaceae family.
A lot of data was collected and recorded and could be summarized as follow: -
I-In broiler neck skin swabs: -
The mean log values of APC were 3.51, 4.2, 3.95, 3.81 and 3.59 at living bird, plucking, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively.
The mean log values of TEC were2.43, 2.89, 2.77, 2.71 and 2.38 at living bird, plucking, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively and their variance was significant.
The mean log values of TCC were 1.67, 2.64, 2.21, 2.24 and 1.57 at living bird, plucking, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively.
II-In broiler back skin swabs: -
The mean log values of APC were 3.78, 4.28, 3.98, 3.9 and 3.53 at living bird, plucking, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively.
The mean log values of TEC were 2.71, 2.94, 2.77, 2.63 and 2.29 at living bird, plucking, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively and their variance was significant.
The mean log values of TCC were 1.65, 2.62, 2.52, 2.29 and 1.4 at living bird, plucking, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively.
III-In broiler vent/ body cavity swabs: -
The mean log values of APC were 5.21, 3.79, 3.76 and 3.36 at living bird, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively.
The mean log values of TEC were 3.85, 2.7, 2.57 and 1.74 at living bird, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively and their variance was significant.
The mean log values of TCC were 2.99, 2.16, 2.04 and 0.78 at living bird, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively The mean log values of APC were 3.76, 3.57, 3.21 and 3.86 at blood swabs, chilled carcasses, frozen carcasses and stored carcasses, respectively.
The mean log values of TEC were 2.6, 2.39, 2.24 and 1.95 at blood swabs, chilled carcasses, frozen carcasses and stored carcasses, respectively, and their variance was significant
The mean log values of TCC were 1.55, 0.74,23 and .81 at living bird, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively.
V-In layer neck skin swabs: -
The mean log values of APC were 4.49, 4.77, 5.31, 4.54 and 4.32 at living bird, plucking, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively.
The mean log values of TEC were 3.32, 3.61, 3.75, 3.37 and 3.06 at living bird, plucking; evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively and these were compatible with that of the broiler.
VI-In layer back skin swabs:
The mean log values of APC were 4.46, 4.89, 4.72, 4.79 and 4.58 at living bird, plucking, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively.
The mean log values of TEC were 3.44, 3.71, 3.39, 3.68 and 3.31 at living bird, plucking; evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively and these were compatible with that of the broiler.
VII- In layer vent / body cavity swabs: The mean log values of APC were 5.72, 4.49, 4.46 and 4.13 at living bird, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively.
The mean log values of TEC were 4.69, 3.52, 3.53 and 3.48 at living bird, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively and their variance was significant.
VIII - In layer blood swabs/ carcasses tissues samples: -
The mean log values of APC were 4.81, 4.49, 4.15 and 3.32 at blood Swabs, chilled carcasses, frozen carcasses and stored carcasses, respectively.
The mean log values of TEC were 3.66, 3.18 2.84 and 2.14 at living bird, evisceration, washing and chilling, respectively and their variance was significant.
IX-The mean log. Value s of APC/TEC of the layer samples were higher than the corresponding broiler samples by 0.5 — 1.0 log in average.
X-Enterobacteriaceae isolates: -
•E.coli and Salmonella were not isolated from any of the examined samples. This was attributed the effect of chlorine addition in chilling water/
•The most prevalent isolates were identified as members of the following genera, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, and Yersinia spp.
•The medical importance of the isolate has been discussed.
The over all conclusions and the suitable practical recommendations were recorded inside , to be a guide to avoid, control and overcome the possible hazards on using these essential products.