الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary tract in male and female patients. It’s the fourth most common tumor in men accounting for 6% of all men cancer. In females it’s the eighth most common tumor accounting for 4% of all women cancer, In Egypt, The situation is worse as a result of bilharziasis. Several causative risk factors are associated with urothelial tumors. Of these, smoking is one of the most important factors and is consistently associated with the development of TCC. Working in the dye, rubber, or leather industries also increase the risk. The most majority of patients with bladder cancer, about 80% to 90%, exhibit hematuria (either macro- or microscopic). Approximately 13% to 35% of patients with macroscopic hematuria have bladder cancer. |