الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract ongenital malformations are a leading cause of prenatal mortality, perinatal and infant mortality. Several studies suggest that 3% of newborns have one major malformation, and 0.7% have multiple major defects. This causes distortions confined in a number of groups including: mutant genes, chromosome abnormalities, and multifactorial disorders as a result of the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors assumed in addition to unknown reasons. The use of ultrasound during pregnancy is considered aroutine part of prenatal care in most hospitals, which in turn helps doctors diagnose serious birth defects during pre-birth, in addition to its contribution in making parents decision to terminate pregnancy when you are sure of the existence of distortions and major birth defects. In this study US has been successfully used for the evaluation of congenital anomalies of urinary system. US can be the first imaging modality of choice in detection of any abnormalities in the urinary tract during antenatal follow up. It is safe for both fetus and mother, relatively inexpensive, allows real-time imaging, and is readily available However, some factors, including the patient’s body habitus and oligohydramnios, can often prevent optimal assessment of C Summary & Conclusion -93- anomalies, making additional imaging techniques potentially useful. In clinical practice, the results of the US examination are used by the clinician in the context of a comprehensive clinical assessment scheme to reach the final clinical diagnosis. Information obtained from previous history of any congenital anomalies especially at urinary system. Our study concludes that US especially 3D US offers a new promising imaging modality for detection and diagnosis of many congenital anomalies such as renal agenesis, polycystic kidney, hydroureter and posterior urethral valve. We recommend ultrasound as the first modality to start with for localization of congenital anomalies because it is available, quick, non hazardous and more cheaper than MRI which comes in the second order in diagnosis and confirmation of such anomaly. |