الفهرس 
Anatomy and Pathophysiology of ObesityOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
There is a world epidemic of overweight, obesity, and morbid obesity encompassing near 2 billion people.
Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Morbidity appears with hypertension, lipid disturbances, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, obstructive sleep apnea and polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and diabetes these comorbidities are responsible for more than 2.5 millions deaths per year worldwide.
Nonsurgical approaches to weight loss have had limited long-term efficacy for the treatment of morbid obesity.
For patients in whom other methods of weight reduction have failed, bariatric surgery is considered if the body mass index is greater than 40 kg/m2 or greater than 35 kg/m2 with the presence of associated comorbidities.
Bariatric surgical procedures are categorized into 2 main types; restrictive and malabsorptive. Some operations combine both restriction and malabsorption. The operations that are most frequently performed are the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, vertical banded gastroplasty, biliopancreatic diversion, and various banding procedures.
The era of minimally invasive surgery has brought significant advantages to morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
The laparoscopic approach is a major advance because it improves outcomes by reducing perioperative morbidity, recovery and in some cases even late complications.
The potential benefits of laparoscopic bariatric surgery include; Less postoperative pain, Less blood loss, Shorter hospital stay, Reduction in abdominal wall complication, Faster recovery. Cardiopulmonary and gastrointestinal complications have been shown to occur less commonly after laparoscopic procedures compared with laparotomy.
The laparoscopic procedures have a more complex learning curve which may be associated with an increase in postoperative complications, Experience of the surgeon and surgical team performing the surgery is critical to the success of bariatric surgery.
Laparoscopic surgery has become an appropriate restrictive procedure with good short term results and law morbidity rates.