الفهرس 
Gross anatomy of the breastOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is most prevalent and is the leading cause of
cancer related deaths among women worldwide.
The early and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer is crucial
for successful treatment and to improve the quality of life.
There are several imaging modalities for diagnosis of breast
lesions. The commonest are mammography and
ultrasonography. But In view of the limitations of
mammography and other techniques, considerable interest is
focused on breast MRI.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming a powerful
tool to help with the detection, diagnosis, and staging of
breast cancer. Based on the morphology and enhancement
pattern of lesions, contrast-enhanced MRI offers an overall
sensitivity of 90% and speciicity of 72% in detecting breast
lesions .Other indications include evaluation for multifocal
and multicentric ipsilateral disease; for contralateral disease
in patients with newly diagnosed cancer (particularly lobular
carcinoma); for evaluation of therapy response in patients
treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy; for evaluation of
patients with axillary or distant metastases when the breast
primary is not known or for axillary metastases with an
unknown primary. Additional indications can include
screening in patients with a history of cancer treatment with breast conservation therapy and problem solving for
equivocal findings on other imaging modalities.
Optimal performance of breast MRI is highly technique
dependent. Patient positioning, imaging parameters, optimal
spatial and temporal resolution, and timing of dynamic phase
imaging are of crucial importance in the performance of
breast MRI.
The breast imaging lexicon — Breast Imaging Reporting and
Data System (BI-RADS) enables a standardized and consistent
description of the morphologic and kinetic characteristics of
breast lesions. However, many challenges are still present
when interpreting breast enhancement patterns and kinetics.
To decrease the number of unnecessary biopsies, a more
precise way to differentiate between false-positive enhancing
lesions and true-positive malignancies is needed.
Recent developments in MR imaging technology have enabled
the clinical application of DWI to the entire body, which has
shown great promise for the detection and characterization of
most tumor types. Through imaging of alterations in the
microscopic motion of water molecules, DWI can yield novel
quantitative and qualitative information reflecting cellular.