الفهرس 
Anatomy of Venous System of the Lower LimbOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis is a significant cause of
morbidity and mortality. It has been estimated that the yearly
incidence of deep venous thrombosis is high and many
individuals die annually from pulmonary emboli. In addition to
early risk of pulmonary emboli, later morbidity may develop
from recurrent thrombosis and post thrombotic syndrome.
Inferior vena cava filters can effectively decrease the
incidence of fatal pulmonary emboli. Although conventional
anticoagulation therapy has been proven effective in the
treatment of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli,
the incidence of recurrent deep venous thrombosis (2–10%)
and post-thrombotic syndrome (20–50%) is fairly high after
the first episode.
Moreover, venous valvular insufficiency is not
uncommon: there are reports in the literature of incidences as
high as 100% after the primary deep venous thrombosis event.
Endovascular deep venous thrombosis thrombolysis
offers the potential to provide faster relief of presenting deep
venous thrombosis symptoms and to prevent post-thrombotic
syndrome and its associated major disability.
Urgent thrombolysis is required to treat phlegmasia
cerula dolens or progressive inferior vena cava thrombosis.
Thrombolysis may also be useful to prevent post thrombotic
syndrome.
Thrombolysis alone, mechanical devices alone, or a
combination Can be used; also can insert stents in the
thrombotic part.
To confirm that existing percutaneous methods of
treating acute deep venous thrombosis indeed produce
favorable outcomes, we urgently need supporting randomized
clinical trials. Until they are completed, a highly
individualized approach to patient selection optimizes clinical
benefit.