الفهرس 
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Abstract
Rasha Abd El Rehim El Gohary Mohamed Abd El Fatah. Anti-Semitism, Philo-
Semitism, and Allo-Semitism in 19th Century British Literature with Special Reference to
Maria Edgeworth, Sir Walter Scott, Charles Reade, and Anthony Trollope. Ph.D. Ain
Shams University. Faculty of Al-Alsun. Department of English.2011.
The thesis studies the three different concepts: anti-Semitism, which means hate of the
Jews; philo-Semitism, which means love of the Jews; and allo-Semitism, which is a
vacillating stance between love and hate. It analyzes the attitude of four nineteenth
century British writers towards Jews, claiming that charges of anti-Semitism or philo-
Semitism directed at the works of these writers are not based on solid grounds and that
these works should better be described as allo-Semitic. It examines the image of the Jew
in Maria Edgeworth’s Castle Rackrent (1800), The Absentee (1812), and Harrington
(1817), Sir Walter Scott’s Ivanhoe (1820), Charles Reade’s It is Never Too Late to Mend
(1856), and finally Anthony Trollope’s Nina Balatka (1867) and The Way We Live Now
(1874). The analysis of both Jewish and Christian characters in these novels reveals that
the writers are not biased for one group against the other, but there is a general attitude of
ambivalence enveloping their writing. To show the ambivalence of these writers, the
thesis examines their use of stereotypes, metaphors, symbolism, narrative voice,
intertextuality, and direct and indirect characterization. It also examines the attitude of
these novelists to the ‘other’ to show if this attitude applies to all those who are
categorized as the ‘other’, including the Jews. The thesis shows that the Romantic
background of Edgeworth and Scott in addition to their mixed origins and the Victorian
background of Reade and Trollope have contributed to their vacillation between love and
hate towards their Jewish characters.
Keywords: Jew, Semitism, self, other, stranger
I.