الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
The multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is an objective and non-invasive method to measure retinal responses to visual stimulation from small, essentially discrete patches of human retina.
Glaucoma is common cause of blindness in the world. It results from imbalance between the IOP and the perfusion pressure and results into damage of the ganglion cell layer which cause damage of the RNFL and visual field defects. This damage are always asymptomatic at early stages and visual field defects don’t appear before 25-35% of the RNFL is damaged.
So the object of interest has been shifted to many functional and structural tests that can help in early glaucoma detection and go beyond limitations of standard automated perimetry.
This essay will discuss in details the multifocal ERG with its guidelines and its clinical applications in early detection of glaucoma .
Many studies have been done on the role of mfERG in early glaucoma and
ignore the role of mfERG in early diagnosis of glaucoma ,but by improving the sensitivity of the mfERG measurement, the functional changes of the inner retina due to glaucomatous damage can be detected in an earlier stage, hopefully before nerve fiber loss.
Various modifications of the mfERG stimulation paradigms such as fast flicker, low contrast, slow sequence, global flash and luminance-modulation have been developed in recent years.
AS the pattern ERG was known already to have a role in early diagnosis of glaucoma. So another advanced test which is the multifocal pattern ERG is tried to provide a topographic mapping of the pattern ERG, this essay will discuss the role of this test .
Also other electrophysiological test rather than pattern ERG as the multifocal VEP and Motion VEP which were tried to be used in early diagnosis of glaucoma will be discussed in this essay.
Other non electrophysiological tests will be mentioned briefly as view for all tests available for early diagnosis of glaucoma.