الفهرس 
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Abstract
1- Importance of microalgae in the marine environment
The enormous dependence of modern industrial society on petroleum
and its derivatives as energy source and for useful chemicals production
besides the limited supply of essential raw material for industry have become a
serious economic and material problem for the world. Various sources of
biomass have been suggested as renewable resources that photosynthetically
capture solar energy. Among these are the aquatic microalgae (phytoplankton)
which have been shown to be photosynthetically two to five times more
efficient than land plants (Wassinck et al., 1958; Shifrin, 1980 and Thomas et
al., 1984).
Phytoplankton is considered as the primary food for marine invertebrates
and should supply both energy and essential food in the form of proteins,
.
carbohydrates and lipids (Whyte, 1987; Sukenik & Wahnon 1991 and Sukenik
et al., 1993).
Marine microalgae are promising source of biomass because sea water
solution is an abundant resource and contain ample supplies of some of the
major nutrients such as K, Mg, Ca, S and water, required by algae.
In fact the microalgae biomass is an essential feeding source for almost
all trophic levels in the aquatic environment and possibly (with care) for
limited human use. Microalgae contain up to 650/0 of their dry weight as
protein (including essential amino acids), up to 75% as lipids (rich in
unsaturated fatty acids), up to 58% as carbohydrates as well as water and lipid-
soluble vitamins, and other useful substances such as carotenoids, chlorophyll,
enzymes, essential oils, hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals, amines, antibiotics,
etc. (Aaronson et al., 1980).