الفهرس 
Pharmacology of AnticoagulantsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The perioperative management of patients who require temporary interruption of warfarin because of surgery or another non-invasive procedure, such as endoscopy or cardiac catheterization, is a common but challenging clinical problem.Although unproven, after warfarin or antiplatelet therapy is stopped, a transient hypercoagulabe state may develop due to a rebound increase in thrombin generation.However, we acknowledge there is no standardized definition of ”bridging anticoagulation” and other treatment regimens, including low dose regimens with LMWH or UFH, have been used, particularly after surgery in selected patients at high risk for bleeding complications.Furthermore, the clinical impact of thromboembolism may be considerable. Thus, valve thrombosis can be fatal in 15-30% of patients and embolic stroke can be fatal or associated with major disability in 70% of patientsCounterbalancing the risk for thromboembolism is the risk for perioperative bleeding if there is too aggressive perioperative anticoagulation. In studies involving patients with a mechanical heart valve or atrial fibrillation, the case fatality of major bleeding is 8-9%.