الفهرس 
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an independent risk factor for death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which has considerable effects on cardiac functions, including those of the right ventricle, left ventricle, and pulmonary blood vessels. Most of the increased mortality associated with COPD is due to cardiac involvement. Echocardiography, Doppler imaging and Tissue Doppler provide a rapid, noninvasive, portable, and accurate method to evaluate the cardiac changes.
The study aimed to evaluate the right ventricular function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by tissue Doppler imaging and its correlation to conventional Echocardiographic study.
The study included 60 COPD patients, 30 patients with normal right ventricular function (control group) and 30 patients with right ventricular dysfunction (patients group).
All the study groups were subjected to: Full history taking, Pulmonary Function Test (Spirometry), Conventional transthoracic echocardiography for recording of:
• Left ventricular dimensions and function.
• Tricuspid valve flow and tricuspid regurgitation.
• Right ventricular systolic pressure or pulmonary artery systolic pressure.
• Fractional area change (FAC).
• Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (Right ventricular long axis excursion).
Also Doppler tissue imaging of the tricuspid annulus was done. from the 4-chamber view, three major waves were recorded.
It was found that Right ventricular function was determined by right ventricular systolic pressure, Fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and tricuspid annular systolic & diastolic waves velocities which are correlated with COPD grades.
There was highly statistically significant positive correlation between COPD grade and Right ventricular systolic pressure & late Tricuspid annular diastolic velocity (A’), and highly statistically significant inverse correlation between COPD grade & Right ventricular fractional area change(FAC), pulmonary acceleration time, Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(TAPSE), Early Tricuspid annular diastolic velocity (E’) and Tricuspid annular systolic velocity (S’).
from this study, it was concluded that prevalence of Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has a linear relationship with severity of COPD and severe PH is almost associated with cor pulmonale. Echocardiography helps in early detection of cardiac complications in COPD cases giving time for early interventions.