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Abstract
Nomenclature Of ‘ichonionas Vagizlia
richomonaj was discovered by Donne in 1836, in vaginal discharges and was named ichomonas vacinale.
lrenberg in 1838, amended the spelling to ichomnas vaina1is.
In 1855, the parasite was named Trichomonas Vaginae. b EoUilcer and canzoni.
Gemas jchomona Doniae is one member of the fami1 ‘i comonadina,
In addition to vaginaljs. the genus includes Trichomonas which cause abortion in cattle, Trich omonas tena which are smaller than Trichomonas vagina24. . and cause gum inflammation and tonsillar abscesses.
ORPHOJGY:
ricbomonas vaginalip is a colourles pyriform flag— elJ.ate, measures from 15 to 18 microns in length aml from 5 to 15 microns in breadth. Its structure is similar to that of the other tricomonads of man except for its large size, elongated nucleus, numerus cytop— lasmic granules, saussage — shaped parabasal bo&y and short undulating mnberane with no free flagellum. (Belding, 1965).
The author added that there was a rigid tbick— ening of the distal quarter of one flagella in certain strains. Re added that rjchomona. vagjnalj is ).oss active than Other trichomonads of man probably due to it ].arge Llize.
The movement of ichomon vagira1i appears Jerky and n>ndirectiorial. The mailer forms which are oval in shape are most active ( Belding, 1965).
Powell (1936) reported that vagina— 3 ingested particular substances by local ameboid movements of the cytoplasm, In culture it ingests bacteria, starch granules, erytlzrocytea, utilise glucose and other carbohydrates and those subet— anoe stimulate it growth.
Reproduction of Tricizomonas va.ina1is occured by longitudinal binary division with mitotic division of the nucleus. (Bishop, 1931).
ch daughter trichomonad had a blepharoplast and two flagella, The minimal time of cell division at 34 0 and 29 O was 5 to 8 hours respectively
(Johnson and usseli, 1944).
Factors affecting . vajna1ia susceptibility:
Outside the human body, vaginali trophozoite can survive for about 24 hours (Jirovec and peter,1949). It is sensitive to direct suxiligiit and it can remain motile for a few hours in tap water and urine, (Westpbal, 1936). while in faeces it lived for only 30 minutes.
vaginalis can tolerate temperatures near freezing for 5 days (westphal, 1936) while it is killed by an exposture for one minute at 72 C (Johnson and ussel1, 1944).
ichoinonas vaginalis loses its viability at pH below 4.9 and above 7.5, (1russeU and Johnson, 1945) Therefore it can not live at the normal pM of 3.8 to 4.4 of the vagina of young adult.
Man and primates are the onJ.y Jc.nowti natural hosts of vaginali.
2ichomonas infection is usu1J.y assiociated with a decrease in the number of Dod erlein bacillus thus educing the acidity of the normal vaginal discharge
from 4 — 4.5 to 5.5 which is needed for the growth and multiplication of the parasite. It is well known that Doderlein bacillus act on gJ..ycogen present in vaginal mu.cosa producing acid (lactic acid), this acid is necessary for the maintinance of normal vaginal acidity at pE 4 — 4.5
King . (1936) and Catteral (1960) reported that infection is transmitted by sexual contact and may be assiociated with other types of genital infection. a1em (1960) added that the protozoon could be transmitted by the contaminated toilet articles, clothes, baths, specula and by the physician’s gloves.
The infection is predomenant during the childbearing period, less frequent in young adults and imc— oflimon in girJ.Ei.
It is unknown after menopause, it is high. during pregnancy due to an excess of oestrogen, and an increase of glycogen in vaginal mucosa, while all males are susoptible (EeJ.ding, 1965).