الفهرس 
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Abstract
The Egyptian Mediterranean coast, between 25° and 34°30’E, is important from the
point of view for tourism, economy and fisheries activities. Therefore, it has been
paid much attention by marine scientists and engineers. This area, which extends for
about 1000 km from Libya, in the west to Gaza strip in the east, faces environmental
problems, which have to be solved to achieve successful management. The main
problems are related to the stability of coastline, which affects the coastal
management as well as the human activities such as tourism and industry. The
coastline changes are mainly controlled by the wave action at the coast joined with
the currents in the near shore zone. The measurements of waves are done at few sites
in the study area and more information are needed.
Objectives and Tools of the Study
This thesis aims to investigate the wave characteristics along the Egyptian
Mediterranean coast. This study is based on the measurements, whenever it is
available, and the forecasting at different sites along the coast off El-Saloum ” 31°
33.45’ N; 25° 24.5’ E”, Marsa Matrouh ” 31 ° 23.6’ N; 27° 13.2’ E”, Alexandria” 31 °
15.2’ N; 29° 54.1’ E”, Rosetta” 31° 39.7’ N; 30° 20.3’ E” and Port Said” 31° 40.2’ N;
32° 18.6’ E”. When both observations and calculations are found, calibration of
forecasts is done. This study is done on monthly and seasonal basis. The forecasting
is done using the synoptic charts over the Eastern Mediterranean for 3 years (1997-
1999) taken at 12 hours interval.
The Forecasting in deep water is done using (S-M-B) method (Bretschneider et al,
1947). The effect of refraction and shoaling on wave characteristics in transitional
and shallow area was treated using an excel work sheet based on published empirical
formulas.
The bathymetric maps are used to follow the waves characteristics and direction on
this way to the shoreline. The refraction patterns off some important.