الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 203 |  |  |
| | | from | 203 | | |
Abstract
Landmine is an explosive apparatus hidden in or on the ground, which blows up when a person or vehicle passes over it. Egypt is one of the countries suffering due to the unexploded ordnance (UXO). Around 22 million UXO are present in the Egyptian soil especially at El- Alamein area South North Coast and the Sinai. Detection of buried landmines is a problem of military and humanitarian importance.
Ground penetrating radar ”GPR” technique is a powerful tool which of a wide range of advantages is a non-destructive approach. In present thesis, we apply different simulation models with Vivaldi antennas and plane wave source instead of antennas with mine and mine-like targets by using program the CST Microwave studio program.
The two experimental works are carried out by using ”GPR” device of model SIR 2000 from GSSI attached to 900 MHz antenna. The first experimental measurements have been carried out by two metal and plastic spheres in air to verify the GPR device. Another experimental work is carried out by using four different targets (passive antitank mine, passive antipersonnel mine, metal sphere and plastic sphere) which are buried in sand soil. We calculated the velocity of the EM wave in the soil. Estimated speeds are close to the speed in wet sand in the reference tables. Depending on the fact that the receiving reflected, refracted and scattered powers from different materials are differ; we study the spectral power densities of the received power from different targets.
The techniques used in this study are power spectrum, wavelets transform and denoising techniques. Our results are considered as finger prints for different targets. So we discriminate between landmines and mine-like targets.
v
The data preprocessing include removing antenna coupling, automatic gain control (AGC), and bandpass filtering to enhance and improve the reflected signal. Also diffraction stacking migration technique has been applied in test site experimental work where the hyperbolic images are converted to the shape of buried targets As a result of the concentration of the power in the location of the targets.