الفهرس 
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Abstract
his simulation study was conducted to evaluate, stresses induced on implant with different implant abutment angulations.
This in-vitro study was conducted on duplicated modified simulated educational acrylic mandibular model.
The usage of educational models eliminates the effects of the complex geometry and physiology of dental and oral structures on the results of this study.
Two implants 3.75mm in diameter and 10mm in length were installed in the canine region bilaterally with an inter-implant distance of about 22mm and aligned perpendicular to the eventual occlusal plane in each model.
Three mandibular overdentures supported and retained by bar attachments were constructed.
According to the implant abutment angulations, the mandibular overdentures were classified into:
Design 1 Mandibular overdenture supported and retained by flexable bar attachment on two abutments with zero angulation was constructed.
Design 2 Mandibular overdenture supported and retained by flexable bar attachment on two abutments with 15 degrees angulation was constructed.
Design 3 Mandibular overdenture supported and retained by flexable bar attachment on two abutments with 25 degrees angulation) was constructed.
Four channel strain meter was used to asses and record the strains induced on the implants bilaterally.
Strain gauges were installed at the mesial and distal aspectsts of the implants.
A loading device was used to produce a standardized static load within the physiologic limits of 80 N on the first molar area unilaterally and bilaterally.
Microstrains were recorded at each site of the strain gauges, unilateral and posterior bilateral loading with enough time between each load to permit complete rebound of the resilient structures.