الفهرس 
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Abstract
DIy eye is a common condition, affecting approximately 10-10% of the
adult population. Artificial tears are often effective in relieving symptoms in mild
and moderate dry eye by replenishing deficient tear volume (JoJmsm, at al., 2004).
Dry eye syndrome (DES) refers toa spectrum of ocular surface diseases
with diverse and frequently multiple etiologies. The common feature ofthe various
manifestetions of DES is an abnormal tear film .. Tear filmabnormalitles associated
with DES are tear deficiency, owing to insufficient supply or excessive loss, and
anomalous tear composition (Jolllclsol.~(!1 al., 2006).
Historically, (he term dry eye can be attributed to the Swedish
ophthalmologist Henrik S.C Sjogren. He was first to refer to the triad of dry eye,
dry mouth and joint pain in his original thesis in 1933. For mAny decades, dry eye
disease was jhought to be limited to dryness of eyes. caused by reduction of
aqueous phase of the teal’ film. The modern definition of dry eye disease is based on
the concept of the three layers of the teal’ film devised by (BIU’llJifJ alld Sistani,
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The diagnosis of dry eye is difficult since it has no single characteristic sign
01” symptom and no single diagnostic measure. The National Eye Institute/lndustry
Workshop on Clinical Trials of Dry Eye has recommended a revision of the
classification of dry eye, given its rnnltifactorial nature, The major dry eye
categories proposed are tear deficient dry eye and evaporative dry eye, In the tear
deficient category are Sj?grel1’s syndrome and Ilon-Sj?&r n’s syndrome forms of
aqueous teal” deficiency, Evaporative forms of dry eye are oil deficient (meibomian
gland anomalies), lid surfacing and blinking anomalies, chronic allergy/toxicity,
contact lens related anomalies and cicatricialocular surface disease, (L(!mp 1995)
Patients with dry eye disease typically complain of symptoms of ocular
discomfort, including a dry, gritty feeling often accompanied by foreign body.