الفهرس 
Chapter (One): IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The main objective of this dissertation is to investigate the Environmental impact of anthropogenic activities on the surface and groundwater systems in the western part of the River Nile, Minia Governorate, Upper Egypt. The situation is further complicated by contamination with lithogenic and anthropogenic (agricultural and sewage wastewaters) sources and low plan exploitation techniques. The Pleistocene aquifer is composed of sand and gravel of different sizes, with some clay intercalation. The semi confined condition was around the River Nile shifted to unconfined outside the floodplain. The groundwater flow generally from south to north and diverts towards the western part and the River Nile. Ninety six and twenty one water samples were collected from Pleistocene aquifer and surface irrigated waters (Ibrahimia canal, River Nile, and Bahr Youssef) and El-Moheet drain. The detail chemical analyses with respect to major and trace elements were accomplished for hydrogeochemical evaluation. The total dissolve solids (TDS) of the surface irrigated water are below 500 ppm which is suitable for drinking and irrigating uses. As and Ni content of surface water makes it unsuitable for drinking but suitable for irrigation. The River Nile in the study area with respect to the Cd content is inappropriate for drinking and irrigation purposes due to the agricultural activity and inflow from the groundwater (the River Nile is a discharge zone). Pb and Se concentrations in surface irrigated water are higher than the drinking standards and lower than the irrigation standards. Zn and F concentrations in surface irrigated water are lower than the drinking and irrigation standards. DO concentration is more or less equal in surface irrigated water and decline in El-Moheet drain by increase in organic wastewaters (BOD and COD) in the drain. COD and BOD in surface irrigated water are higher than the drinking standards. B and Cu concentrations in surface irrigated water are lower than drinking and irrigation standards. TDS concentration in groundwater increases generally from southern to northern part of the study area, with groundwater flow. TDS anomalous areas (800 to 1400 ppm) are attributed to lithogenic, and anthropogenic (agricultural) impact. B concentration anomalous areas are located due to the western zone that exceeds the drinking water standard. The contamination with respect to Cu and Ni is out the aquifer system. Cd concentration was below the drinking water standard of 0.003 mg/l, therefore no pollution with respect to Cd concentration. NO2 and Cr concentrations show no impact on the groundwater quality. Ba, Fe, Mn, and Pb concentrations impact on the groundwater environment with respect to drinking purpose while it can use in irrigation. The cluster analysis was distinguished into four clusters which subdivided into six sub clusters (A-F). The average concentrations of each sub cluster was determined and correlated with the geographic position. The principal component analysis was established and classified into six factors.