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Abstract Doaa Ahmed Mohamed Hamza. “Molecular genetic studies on drought tolerance in wheat”. Unpublished Master of Environmental Science thesis, Department of Agriculture Science, Institute of environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University, 2011. Five Egyptian wheat cultivars and seven entries (Triticum aestivum L.) were used to fingerprint them and estimate the genetic diversity using RAPD analysis. The five Egyptian wheat cultivars showed high similarity values among them, where the highest value was between Sakha93 and Giza168 (0.969) and the lowest one was between Sakha93 and Sakha94 (0.840).The seven entries possessed moderate similarity values among them, since the highest one was noticed between Line6 and Line7 (0.911) and the lowest one was scored between Line1 and Line7 (0.585). In addition, six positive and five negative markers were detected for some of the used genotypes. The biochemical analysis and enzyme activity assay for Esterase showed maximum number of scored bands was five bands and didn’t give a molecular marker related to drought resistance, but generally the band intensity was high due to the drought treatment. Total Protein gel electrophoresis showed some bands expressed under drought conditions only, while others appeared under normal irrigation and a band with a molecular weight of 162.235 K Da, was expressed under drought conditions only, as in the Giza168,Line3 and Line4 while in Sakha93 a band with 112.19 KDa was expressed also under drought condition. Also the expression of the following molecular weight 27.380,17.752, 15.337and 12.564 Kilo Dalton under drought conditions (in Sakha 93, Gemmiza9,Sids6, Line2 and Line5) respectively, the protein band with low molecular weight protect the plants from damage to environmental stresses such as drought and also there are proteins that accumulate with the drought stress in the plant. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Genetic Diversity, Estrease, Total protein gel protein, molecular markers. |