الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 153 |  |  |
| | | from | 153 | | |
Abstract
In the present study, samples of fennel and basil herbs were collected from Egyptian markets and subjected to microbiological analysis such as isolation and identification of bacteria and fungi. Total count of bacteria isolated from fennel at different doses of radiation as 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 KGy, at different concentrations of bacterial growth (10-1, 10-2, 10-3 , 10-4 , 10-5 and 10-6), were decreased from 252 colony as a total count of all concentrations of non-radiated sample with percent 68.85%, to 3 colonies with percent 0.81% in radiated sample at dose 15 kGy. Different genera of bacteria were isolated from non-radiated fennel sample were Bacillus, Azotobacter, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Sarratia, Xanthomonus, Pseudomonus, Mycobacterium and Micrococcus. After exposure of fennel sample to radiation from 3 to 15 kGy, all genera of bacteria were disappeared gradually till reach complete disappeared at 15 kGy except Bacillus and Enterobacter genera. As the same , total count of bacteria isolated from basil at different concentrations (10-1, 10-2, 10-3 , 10-4 , 10-5 and 10-6) against different doses of radiation (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 kGy), were decreased from 341 colony as a total count of all concentrations of non-radiated sample with percent 59.82%, to 6 colonies with percent 1.05% in radiated sample at dose 15 kGy. Different genera of bacteria were isolated from non-radiated basil sample were Bacillus, Azotobacter, Escherichia, Mycococcus, Enterobacter, Sarratia, Xanthomonus, Pseudomonus, Mycobacterium and Micrococcus. After exposure of basil sample to radiation from 3 to 15 kGy, all genera of bacteria were disappeared gradually till reach complete disappeared at 15 kGy except Bacillus and Enterobacter genera. The genus Bacillus resemple the highest count followed by Enterobacter. In the fennel herb sample a total count of 37 fungul species belonging to 5 genera were identified. Aspergillus and Cladosporium contributed the broadest spectra of all genera followed by Botryotricum, Alternaria and Stemphylium. Number of isolates reduced by increasing the dose of radiation until reach 15 kGy and almost disappeared. The genus Aspergillus represented the fungus of highest count in fennel sample and counted 18 isolates which represent 48.6% of the total count of fungi isolated from fennel sample. As the same, in the basil herb sample a total count of 66 fungul species belonging to 7 genera were identified. Aspergillus and Penicillium contributed the broadest spectra and highest count of all genera followed by Alternaria, Cephalosporium, Cladosporium, Stachybotrys and Trichosporium. Number of isolates reduced by increasing the dose of radiation until reach 15 kGy and almost disappeared. The genus Aspergillus represented the fungus of highest count in basil sample and counted 52 isolates which represent 78.78% of the total count of fungi isolated from basil sample. A total of 16 isolates of Aspergillus flavus were screened for aflatoxins production, 3 from fennel and 13 from basil. One isolated from fennel (strain No. 1) yielded the highest quantity of aflatoxin B1 and B2 equivalent to 400 g/L and 120 g/L respectively. The other two isolates from fennel showed no aflatoxins production in the liquid yeast extract-sucrose medium. It’s clear that five isolates only from the basil produce aflatoxins while the remaining 8 isolates failed to produce these aflatoxins in the used liquid yeast extract-sucrose medium. The isolated No. 40 from basil produced the highest quantity of aflatoxin B1 (400g/L), B2 (80g/L) and G1 (240 g/L). The tested extracts differed in their efficacies against Aphis craccivora. Results indicated that the mortality rates increased with the increasing of the used concentration and the period after treatment. The corrected mortality percentages after 24 hours of treatment with basil extract ranged between 6.43-34.88 % for the lowest (20 %) and the highest (100%) concentrations, respectively. While fennel extract ranged between 1.04-22.90 %, at the lowest (20%) and highest (100%) concentrations, respectively. Mortality continued at different rates among ِAphis craccivora according to the extract used and its concentration. As for basil and fennel extracts, corrected mortality percentages increased after 48 hours of treatment and ranged between 10.13-45.60 % and 2.76-33.77 %, respectively. And after 72 hours the mortality rates ranged between 15.20-66.75 and 5.55-62.37 for basil and fennel extracts respectively at lowest (20%) and highest (100%) concentrations.