الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract In this work, esterification of waste fatty acids from vegetable oil and tallow industry with glycerol and production of mono, di, and triglycerides was carried out. Monoglycerides and diglycerides are very important and they are used as modifying agents in food and pharmaceutical industries. Also, triglycerides which contain one type of fatty acid (nonmixed) are used in pharmaceutical industries. The present study investigates the optimum conditions for the production of mono, di, and triglyceride by catalytic esterification of free fatty acids using ZnCl2 as a catalyst. The effect of temperature (180 to 260°C), concentrations of ZnCl2 (0.1, 0.2, 0.3%), glycerol to fatty acid molar ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 3:1), degree of agitation (200, 500, 1000 rpm), and degree of vacuum (5, 100, 200, 400 mbar) and atmospheric pressure (1000mbar) on the efficiency of the esterification of fatty with glycerol acid were studied. The optimum conditions of esterification were found to be 195°C, 1:1molar ratio, 0.3% ZnCl2, 500 rpm and 200 mbar to achieve esterification of up to 99% of free fatty acids. The thin layer chromatograph analysis proved that the final product mixture was containing mono, di, and triglycerides. Finally a complete process design and simulation was performed using aspen hysis2006. The simulation results showed that the fatty acids ester produced in the bottom of final distillate was found to be 96% by mass of the bottom product of the distillated tower while the glycerol produced in the top of final distillate was found to be 73% of the top product of the distillated tower. |