الفهرس 
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Abstract
Dogs and cats represent the majority of pet animal. Dogs also play an important role in house and farm guarding these animals are frequently subjected to some surgical affections.
A fracture is a break or crack in a bone. Although we commonly think of fractures as involving a leg, it is also possible to fracture the skull, jaw, spine, ribs, pelvis and digits (fingers) as well as the long bones and small bones of the front and back limbs.
This study aimed to, throw the light on the prevalent fractures in dogs and cats at Alexandria province. In the mean-time the differences in the fractures types among breeds, age, regions of the body of the dogs and cats. In addition to the trails of treatment fractures in dogs and cats.
This study was carried-out on 500 cases of dogs (350 dog) related to breeds of Rottweiler, Germans Shepard, Golden retriever as well as native breeds and cats (150 cats) related to breeds of Siamese, Persian Turkish angora and Native breeds. They were collected from different locations in Alexandria city. Veterinary medicine province was the main source. Some cases were collected from the clinic at the Faculty of veterinary medicine-Alexandria University and some from the private clinic and animal health center at Alex. All cases were subjected to through clinical examinations including inspections, pulse rate palpation and body temperature and palpation of the affected organs beside case history for any trauma, accidents and contusions.
Different surgical operations were made when necessary, needing surgical instrument, surgical suture material, anesthesia, pre and post-operative requirements. Great variety of medical therapy were used including local preparation and systemic medication.
The main clinical signs of a broken bone are: pain at or near the fracture site (some dogs will not allow the limb to be handled), swelling and bruising, unnatural movement or loss of function (some dogs will hold the leg up), deformity such as twisted or shortened, a grating noise if the bone fragments move against each other, and lastly shock due to pain or blood loss.
This study indicated that:
I-In dogs:-
1- The higher incidence of fracture observed in dogs (70 %) while in cats reached to 30 %.
2-The higher fracture incidence observed in femur (42 %), Tibia and fibula (25 %) while the radius and ulna fractures and Humorous fractures constituted about 11 % and 7.2 %, respectively.
3-While, the lower incidence of fractures observed in Metatarsal (3.6 %), , Mandible (3.4 %) and pelvic (3.2 %).
4-The higher incidences of fractures in examined dogs observed in femur (48.57 %), tibial fractures (25.73 %), radius and ulna (8.59 %) and Humorous (5.71 %).
5-The lower incidences of fractures observed in pelvic (2.85 %), metatarsal (2.85 %) metacarpal (2.85 %) mandible (2.85 %).
6-The results also, cleared the significant (P < 0.01) differences of the different types of the fractures on the dog breeds. As The results showed that, the higher incidence of the fractures observed in Rottweiler breed (40 %), Native breeds (25.71 %), German shepherd (20 %) and the lower incidence of fractures observed in Golden retriever (14.29 %).
7-The results also showed that, there is a significant differences (P < 0.01) of different treatments among different fractures in dogs. The higher treatment observed with nails, followed by Gibbsona and finally plates.
The higher treatment used in treatment of fractures in our study were nails (Key wire rush pin) (40 %), DCP (28.57), Gibbsona (20 %) and third tubular (11.42 %).
II-Cats:
1-The results showed that, there is a significant differences
(P < 0.01) of the incidences of different types of fractures in cats among different body regions.
2-The higher incidences of fractures in examined cats observed in femur (30 %), tibial fractures (23.34 %), radius and ulna (16.66 %) and Humorous (10.66 %).
3-The lower incidences of fractures observed in pelvic (4%), metatarsal (5.34 %) metacarpal (5.33 %) and mandible (4.67 %).
4-The results cleared the significant (P < 0.01) differences of the different types of the fractures on the cat breeds.
5-The results showed that, the higher incidence of the fractures observed in Siamese turkish cats (40 %), Persian (33.33 %) and Native breeds (26.67 %), respectively.
6-The results indicated that, there is a significant differences
(P < 0.01) of different treatments among different fractures in cats.
7-The higher treatment observed with nails, followed by plats and finally Gibbs. The higher treatment used in treatment of fractures in cats in our study were nails (Key wire rush pin) (80 %) (Gibbsona (13.4 %) and third tubular (6.6 %).