الفهرس 
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Abstract
The term peptic ulcer, refers to an ulcer arising in the lower end of the oesophagus, the stomach, the duodenum, in the small intestine after surgical anastomosis to the stomach, or rarely at the junction of Mechel’s diverticulum with the small intestine.
Ulcers arising from exposure to gastric, juice have similar appearance, hence they are collectively known as acid—peptic disease.
Gastro duodena]. lesions are the outcome of an altered equilibrium between defensive and aggressive factors. The equilibrium may be upset by a surplus of aggressive factors, a shortage of defensive factors or combination of the two.
The aims of treatment are to afford symptomatic relief and to heal the ulcer and prevent its recurrence.
Peptic ulcer healing trials have established that numerous pharmacologic agents are of great value in the process of ulcer healing. These medications are classified according to their action into 2 groups : First group which reduce gastric acidity and the Second group which protect the mucosa. Other drugs can do the two actions.
The first group include antacids, anticholinergics, Histamine2 recptor antagonists, omeperazole,
The second group include cytoprotives as bismuth, sucralfate, carbenoxolone.
Other drugs as prostaglandins can reduce gastric acidity and protect or increase the resistance of the mucosa,other drugs may be available in the near future as scmotostatin, ca—antagonists ((Verapamil) where they are under clinibal trials.