الفهرس 
Polycystic Ovary SyndromeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common clinical, endocrine disorder characterized by infertility, menstrual disturbance, hirsutism, acne and obesity.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is defined as; the presence of two of the following three criteria: oligo-ovulation or anovulation; clinical and/or biochemical hyper androgenism; and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound examination.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the main androgen disorder in women, has been suggested to be associated with a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In many PCOS patients, overweight or central obesity is generally associated with increases in fasting insulin levels and glucose intolerance, and has been identified as a target for new therapeutic strategy, including early change in lifestyle. Early biochemical markers for identifying at-risk patients will be useful for prevention studies.
Women with PCOS are profoundly insulin resistance (IR), and the resultant hyperinsulinemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of the reproductive abnormalities of the syndrome. Agents that ameliorate insulin resistance and reduced circulating insulin levels could provide a new therapeutic modality for PCOS.
A fasting glucose to insulin (G/I) ratio is a simple and reliable measurement of insulin sensitivity and is useful test for identification of IR in women with PCOS, who have to be treated with insulin sensitizers.
It would be ideal to find an elective insulin sensitizer, with few adverse effects, that could be used long-term.
Trivalent chromium is an essential element that plays a role in glucose and insulin homeostasis.
Chromium picolinate (CrP), an over-the-counter dietary product, improves insulin sensitivity at the insulin receptor level, and has been devoid of adverse effects in human studies at elevated levels of intake. Chromium picolinate consists of trivalent chromium (Cr3+), an extremely safe, and highly tolerable trace mineral that is present in a normal diet. Complexed to picolinic acid to enhance gut absorption. Picolinic acid naturally occurs in human breast milk. After cleavage of picolinic acid, Cr3+ is transported by transferrin and later by chromodulin, it is binding protein. This complex binds the insulin receptor(18). Active glucose transport is enhanced through tyrosin kinase phosphorylation, without inhibition of phosphotyrosine phosphatase..
The present study was carried out to detect the effect of chromium picolinate on the manifestations of PCOS.
The current study included 85 female patients with PCOS. All patients were in reproductive age range (20-35). Lean, overweight and obese female were evaluated. The patients were encouraged to follow diet control and regular exercise.
The current study showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age, initial body mass index, family history of DM and hypertension, menstrual regularity and hirsutism.
In the present study, there were no significant differences between women of both groups as regards pretreatment levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, fasting glucose / fasting insulin ratio and free testosterone.
The current study demonstrated that administration of chromium picolinate for 6 months was associated with significant reduction of BMI ,a significant reduction in fasting serum insulin and a significant rise in fasting glucose/ insulin ratio in the study group when compaired to the control group.
On the other hand, our study demonstrated that administration of chromium picolinate for 6 months had no significant impaction on hirsutism or serum level of free testosterone.
The present study demonstrated that Administration of chromium picolinate significantly increased the rates of reaching one or more mature follicles on ultrasound folliculometry by 3-folds after 4 months, 2-folds after 5 months and 3-folds after 6 months and significantly increased the rates of restoring regular menstrual cycle by almost 2-folds after 5 months and another 1.5 folds after 6 months.