الفهرس 
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Abstract
Headache is a common symptom with a high prevalence in most epidemiological studies. Headache is one of the 10 most common reasons for outpatient physician visits.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of headache among school children in Assiut governorate within the primary and preparatory schools (6- 17 years) as well as to study out different types of headache as primary headache disorders (migraine and tension-type headache) and secondary headache. One thousand and fifty students were included in this study (575 were males and 475 were females).The age of students ranged from 6-17 years (650 from primary schools and 400 from preparatory schools).
All students were given a written questionnaire including personal data (name, age, sex, residence). Questions about headache were about experience of headache over the last year, severity, duration, signs and symptoms, location, quality of pain and cause of it.
The total prevalence rate of headache among the studied sample was 30.8%.The prevalence of primary headache disorders was (28.4%) distributed as migraine (24.2%) and tension-type headache (4.2%).The prevalence of secondary headache disorders was (2.4%) distributed as headache due to infection (2.2%) and headache associated with seizures in patients with epilepsy (0.2%). Regarding migraine cases, migraine without aura (76.4%) was the commonest type of migraine reported in the studied sample, followed by migraine with aura (18.9%) and lastly basilar migraine (4.7%).
The study revealed that, the prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache was higher among students with age group (12-17) years than students with age group (6-11) years but the difference was statistically not significant. The study also found that, the prevalence of female students suffering of migraine and tension-type headache was more than male students but the difference was statistically not significant.
The sociodemographic characteristics of studied students showed that there were a higher prevalence of headache among groups of high and middle socioeconomic standards compared to the rest of the students and the difference was statistically significant.
The study demonstrated a positive relationship between headache and family history and the percentages was (81.9%) in migraine and (54.5%) in tension-type headache. The study clarified that stress was the most frequent precipitating factor for migraine and tension-type headache (74.6%).
The percentage of frequent attacks (once a week or more) is higher than the less frequent attacks (once a month or less) in both migraine and tension-type headache.
The bitemporal (bilateral) location was the common site of migraine while the frontal region (forehead) was the common site of tension-type headache. The pulsating headache was the commonest type reported in migrainous students, while the compressing type was the commonest among students with tension-type headache. As regard the intensity of headache, moderate intensity was the commonest in migraine and tension-type headache.
In migrainous students, photophobia and phonophobia were the most frequent associated symptoms followed by vomiting, while in tension-type headache, phonophobia was the most frequent symptom followed by photophobia and no vomiting.