الفهرس 
AcnoledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 138 |  |  |
| | | from | 138 | | |
Abstract
In our present investigation we have studied some different
factors affecting the collection of propolis by the honeybee colonies.
The factors were namely: Strains of the honeybee, strength of colonies,
places inside the hive, the state of the hives, and the state of the
apiaries. The obtained results could be summarised as follows:
1. Effect of the honeybee strains:
r..
Carniolan hybrid colonies F1 collected monthly mean amounts of
propolis significantly more than each of carniolan (C) and F2 colonies
allover the year months (average of 1993, 1994 and 1995 years). The
monthly mean amounts of pro polis were: 9.41, 6.25 and 5.36 gms for
the these colonies, respectively with general monthly mean of7.01
gms. The same significant differences were remarked also between the
three sorts of colonies regarding the four seasons during the year;
Hybrid F1, followed by carniolan (C) colonies then hybrid F2.
The collected amounts of propolis during Summer and Autumn
seasons as well as yearly amounts have significant differences
regarding the three sorts of colonies while Spring and Winter seasons
had showed no significant differences between C and F2 colonies.
F1 colonies collected 112.97 gms of pro polis followed carniolan
(C) colonies (74.95 gms) then F2 colonies (64.29 gms) with high
significant differences between their means. The general yearly mean
was 84.07 gms propolis per colony for all the three strains.
No differences were found between the three successive years
(1993, 1994 and 1995) regarding the monthly or yearly collected
amounts of propolis per colony.
from the mean results of the three following years, the amounts
of propolis collected by carniolan colonies were 17.13, 23.44, 28.43
and 6.63 gms per colony during Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter
seasons, respectively with general seasonal mean 18.91 gms per colony.
The seasonal mean amounts of collected propolis had showed
significant differences between them. The seasonal amounts of
propolis collected by F1 colonies were: 26.57, 34.72, 38.86 and 12.81
gms per colony in Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter, respectively,
with general seasonal mean 28.24 gms. There were significant
differences between them. The seasonal amounts of propolis collected
by F2 colonies were 13.55, 18.52,25.26 and 6.87 gms per colony during
Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter seasons, respectively with
general seasonal mean 16.05 gms per colony. These seasonal mean
amounts of collected propolis had showed also significant differences
between them. In all the honeybee carniolan and its F1 and F2 hybrid
colonies, the collected amounts of prepolis during the Autumn season
were significant the heavier, followed by Summer then Spring seasons,
while the significant lighter amounts of propolis were collected in
Winter season. There were also significant differences between the
three strains (Carniolan and its FI ••• F2 hybrids) in all the four seasons
of the years as well as the general seasonal means, regarding the
seasonal collected amounts of propolis.
It was found that the significant heavier seasonal amounts of
propolis came from F1 colonies (28.24 gms per colony) followed by
Carniolan colonies (18.74 gms per colony) then the lighter seasonal
amounts were of F2 colonies (16.06 gms per colony). Also, Autumn
season was the best season for propolis collection where the mean
amounts produced was: 30.85 gms per colony, followed by Summer
with an average of 25.56 gms per colony, than Spring season with an
average 19.08 gms per colony and the last one was the Winter season
with an average 8.54 gms per colony.
No differences were found between the three years (1993, 1994
and 1995) regarding the seasonal collected amounts of propolis in all
Carniolan and its F1 and F2 hybrid colonies.
2. Effect of the colony strength:
The whole amounts of collected propolis during the year were:
92.60, 61.15 and 47.89 gms for the strong, moderate and weak
colonies, respectively, with yearly general average 67.32 gms per
colony. The monthly means were 7.72,5.15 and 3.95 gms per colony
for the three colonies strength, respectively, with monthly general
average 5.61 gms per colony.
The general yearly and monthly amounts of collected propolis for
all the experimental colonies were 67.32 and 5.61 gms per colony,
Summary and conclusion
respectively. There were significant differences between the colonies
strong and each of Moderate and Weak ones as well as between
moderate and weak colonies conserving the collected general monthly
amounts of propolis. Strong colonies collected significant the heavier
monthly amounts (7.72 gms per colony), followed by Moderate ones
(5.15 gms per colony) then Weak colonies (3.95 gms per colony).
As a general for all the experimental colonies strength the
monthly mean amounts of collected propolis per colony ranged
between: 1.72 gms in December and 9.82 gms in September with
general monthly mean of 5.61 gms per colony.
No differences were found between the three successive years
(1993, 1994 and 1995) regarding the monthly collected amounts of
propolis per colony for all the strong, moderate and weak colonies.
The seasonal mean amounts of propolis collected by strong
colonies were: 21.00, 27.15, 34.79 and 8.73 gms per colony during
spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter seasons, respectively; with
general seasonal mean 22.91 gms. The Seasonal mean amounts of
collected propolis had showed significant differe~ces between them.
The seasonal mean amount of propolis collected by Moderate colonies
were: 14.24, 18.85, 23.29 and 6.14 gms in Spring, Summer, Autumn
and Winter, respectively; with general seasonal mean 15.63 gms. There
were also significant differences between them. The seasonal amounts
of propolis collected by Weak colonies were: 10.42, 13.87, 19.22 and
4.19 gms during Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter seasons,
respectively; with general seasonal mean 11.92 gros. These seasonal
mean amounts of collected propolis had showed also significant
differences between them.
In all the strong, Moderate and Weak colonies, the collected
amount of propolis during the Autumn season were significant the
heavier, followed by Summer then Spring seasons, while the
significant lighter amounts of propolis were collected in Winter season.
There were also significant differences between the strong, Moderate
and Weak colonies in all the four seasons of the year as well as the
general seasonal means, regarding the seasonal collected amounts of
propolis. It was found that the significant heavier seasonal amounts of
propolis came from strong colonies (22.91 gms) followed by Moderate
colonies (15.63 gms) then the lighter seasonal amounts were of Weak
colonies (11.92 gms), Also Autumn season was the best season for
propolis collection where the mean amount collected was: 25.76 gms,
followed by Summer (19.96 gms), than Spring season (15.22 gms) and
the last one was the Winter season with an average 6.35 gms per
colony.
No differences were found between the three years (1993, 1994
and 1995) regarding the seasonal collected amounts of propolis in all
strong, Moderate and Weak colonies.
3. Effect of the places inside the hive:
The whole amounts of collected propolis during the three years
were: 47.10,37.63 and 28.29 gms for the Bottom, Entrance and Frames
with average of 37.64 gms per place inside the hive. The monthly
amounts of collected propolis for all places under experiments were:
3.93, 3.13 and 2.35 gms, for Bottom, Entrance and Frames,
respectively. These results indicate that there were significant
differences between the Bottom and each of Entrance and Frames
places as well as between entrance and frames places concerning the
collected general monthly amounts of propolis per hive. The heavier
mean monthly amount (3.93 gms) was collected from bottom, followed
from entrance (3.13 gms) then from frames (2.35 gms).
-~ It was remarkable that the more amounts of propolis were
collected from bottom during all the months of the year than each from
entrance and from frames. The amounts of propolis collected from
entrance were also heavier than that of the frames in all of the months
of the year. In all the three places, the heavier amounts of propolis
were collected during the September month (6.50,5.17 and 3.89 gms)
followed by August month (5.58, 4.46 and 3.34 gms) for Bottom,
Entrance and Frames, respectively. While the lighter amounts of
collected propolis were in November (1.62, 1.30 and 0.97 gms)
followed by January (1.67, 1.33 and 1.00 gms) for Bottom, Entrance
and Frames, respectively. As a general for all the experimental places
the monthly mean amount of collected propolis per place ranged
between: 1.62 and 6.50 gms; 1.30 and 5.17 gms; 0.97 and 3.89 gms for
Bottom, Entrance and Frames, respectively with general monthly mean
3.14 gm propolis per place.
For all the three places (Bottom, Entrance and Frames), no
differences were found between the three following years (1993, 1994
and 1995) regarding the monthly collected amounts of propolis per
place. It may be due to that there were no differences between the
temperature degree as well as relative humidity between the three years
as shown from the same tables.
The amounts of pro polis collected by Bottom places were: 11.08,
14.47, 16.21 and 5.34 gms during Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter
seasons, respectively; with general seasonal mean 11.77 gms. The
seasonal mean amounts of collected propolis in Bottom place had
showed significant differences between them.
The seasonal amounts of propolis collected by Entrance were:
8.58, 11.57, 12.94 and 4.27 gms during Spring, Summer, Autumn and
Winter seasons, respectively; with general seasonal mean 9.40 gms.
There were also significant differences between them.
The seasonal amounts of propolis collected by Frame places
were: 6.64, 8.69, 9.71 and 3.20 gms during Spring, Summer, Autumn
and Winter seasons, respectively; with general seasonal mean 7.06 gms
propolis. These seasonal mean amounts of collected propolis had
showed also significant differences between them. In all the Bottom,
Entrance and Frames places, the collected amounts of propolis during
the Autumn season were significant the heavier ones, followed by that
of Summer then Spring seasons, while the significant lighter amounts
of propelis were collected in Winter seasons.
There were also significant differences between the three places
(Entrance, Bottom and Frames) in all the four seasons of the year as
well as the general seasonal means, regarding the seasonal collected
amounts of propolis. It was found also that the significant heavier
seasonal amounts of propolis came from Bottom places (47.10 gms)
followed by Entrance places (37.63 gms) while the lighter seasonal
amounts were of Frames places (28.24 gms).
Also, Autumn season was the best season for propolis collection
where the total yearly produced was: 38.86 gms (with place mean of
12.95 gms), followed by Summer with total yearly amount of34.73
gms (with place mean 11.57 gms), then Spring season with an amount
of 26.57 gms (with place mean 8.85 gms) and the last one was
the Winter season with an amount of 12.81 gms (with place amount
4.27 gms).
The Entrance, Bottom and Frames places had showed no
differences between the three years (1993, 1994 and 1995) regarding
the seasonal collected amounts of propolis. . .-.
4. Effect 0/ the hive slate:
The whole amounts of collected propolis during the year were:
84.23, 70.55 and 52.37 gms for the Old, Moderate used and New hives,
respectively, with yearly general average 69.04 gms for the three hive
states. The monthly m~ were 7.02, 5.88 and 4.36 gms propolis per
hive, for the three hives. states, respectively; with monthly general
average 5.75 gms propolis per hive. The general yearly and monthly
amounts of collected propolis for all the experimental hives states were
69.04 and 5.75 gms per colony, respectively.
There were significant differences between the Old hives and
each of Moderate used and new ones as well as between Moderate used
and New hives concerning the collected general monthly amounts of
propolis. Old hives collected significant, the heavier monthly amounts
of propolis (7.02 gms per hive), followed by Moderate used ones (5.88
gms per hive), then New hives (4.36 gms propolis per hive). It was
remarkable that Old hives collect more amounts of propolis during all
the months of the year than each of Moderate used and New hives. Also
the Moderate used hives collect more amounts of propolis than new
ones in all of the months of the year.
All the hive states collect heavier amounts of propolis during the
September months (13.18, 12.66 and 8.70 gms) followed by August
(11.26, 9.20 and 6.42 gms) for Old, Moderate used and New hives,
respectively. The lighter amounts of propolis were collected during
December (1.92, 1.66 and 0.94 gms) for Old, Moderate used and New
hives, respectively, followed by November (1.92 and 1.66 gm) for Old
and Moderate used ones; followed by January (1.63 gm) for New hives.
As a general for all the experimental hives states the monthly
mean amounts of collected propolis per hive ranged between: 1.50 gms
in December and 11.51 gms in September with general monthly mean
of5.75 gms.
No differences were found between the three successive years
(1993, 1994 and 1995) regarding the monthly collected amounts of
pro polis per hive for all the Old, Moderate used and New hives.
The seasonal mean amounts of propolis collected by Old hives
were: 18.00, 26.55, 33.33 and 6.34 gms per hive during Spring,
Summer, Autumn and Winter seasons, respectively with general
seasonal mean 21.05 gms. These means of collected propolis had
showed significant differences between them.
The seasonal mean amounts of propolis collected by Moderate
used hives were: 14.07,21.42,29.53 and 5.53 gms in Spring, Summer,
Autumn and Winter, seasons, respectively; with general seasonal mean
17.93 gms. There were also significant difference between these means.
The seasonal amounts of propolis collected by New hives were:
10.43, 16.21,21.50 and 4.23 gms during Spring, Summer, Autumn and
Winter seasons, respectively; with general seasonal mean 13.09 gms.
These seasonal mean amounts of collected propolis had showed also
significant differences between them. --
In all the Old, Moderate used and New hives, the collected
amounts of propolis during the Autumn season were significantly the
heavier, followed by Summer them Spring seasons, while the
significant lighter amounts of propolis were collected in Winter season.
There were also significant differences between the Old, Moderate
used and New hives in all the four seasons of the year as well as the
general seasonal means, regarding the seasonal collected amounts of
propolis. It was found that the significant heavier seasonal amounts of
propolis came from Old hives (21.05 gms) followed by Moderate used
hives (17.63 gms) then the lighter seasonal amount were of New hives
(13.09 gms). Also Autumn was the best season for propolis collection
where the mean amount collected was: (28.12 gms), followed by
Summer (21.39 gms) than Spring season (14.17 gms) and the last one
was the Winter season with an average (5.36 gms) per hive.
It was noticeable from the data studying of these three successive
years that the same trend of differences between the seasonal amounts
of collected pro polis as well as between the Old, Moderate used and
New hives were clearly found.
No differences were found between the three years (1993, 1994
and 1995) regarding the seasonal collected amounts of pro polis in all
Old, Moderate used and New hives.
5. Effect of the apiaries states:
The whole amounts of collected propolis during the year were:
129.56, 96.69 and 68.57 gms per hive for the Rare, Moderate and
Continious inspected apiaries, respectively, with yearly general mean
98.27 gms propolis per hive. The monthly means were: 10.80, 8.06 and
5.71 gms propolis per hive for the three apiaries states, respectively,
with monthly general mean 8.19 gms propolis per hive. The general
yearly and monthly amounts of collected propolis for all the
experimental hives of the three apiaries states were: 98.27 and 8.19 gms
per hive, respectively. No differences were found between the three
successive years (1993, 1994 and 1995) regarding the monthly collected
amounts of pro polis per hive for all the three states of apiaries.
The seasonal mean amounts of propolis collected by the hives of
Rare inspected apiaries were: 29.26, 38.74,44.52 and 17.04 gms per
hive during Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter seasons, respectively
with general seasonal mean 32.39 gms propolis per hive. These
amounts of propolis had showed significant differences between them.
The seasonal mean amounts of propolis collected by hives of
Moderate apiaries were: 20.07, 30.36, 37.53 and 8.73 gms in Spring,
Summer, Autumn and Winter, respectively, with general seasonal mean
24.17 gms, There were also significant differences between them.
The seasonal mean amounts of propolis collected by Continious
inspected hives were: 16.41, 19.51,24.98 and 7.67 gms during Spring,
Summer, Autumn and Winter seasons, respectively with general
seasonal mean 17.14 gms. These seasonal mean amounts of collected
propolis had showed also significant differences between them.
In all the Rare, Moderate and Continious inspected apiaries the
average of collected amounts of propolis during the Autumn season
were significant the heavier, (35.67 gms), followed by Summer (29.53
gms) then Spring seasons (21.91 gms), while the significant lighter
amounts of propolis were collected in Winter season (11.15 gms).
There were significant differences between the Rare, Moderate and
Continious inspected apiaries in all the four seasons of the year
regarding the seasonal collected amounts of propolis per hive. It was
found that the significant heavier seasonal amounts of propolis came
from the Rare inspected hives (32.39 gms) followed by Moderate ones
(24.17 gms) then the lighter seasonal amounts were of Continious
inspected hives (17.14 gms).
No difference were found between the three years (1993, 1994
and 1995) regarding the seasonal collected amounts of propolis in all
Rare, Moderate and Continious inspected apiaries.
Conclusion:
By discussion die obtained data in this our research work, we can
find that each F1 honeybee colony, the widespread colonies in Egypt,
gives nearly 113 gms propolis in one year providing collecting propolis
twice a month (every 15 days) from entrance, bottom and top of frames
within the hive. It means that one kilogramme of propolis could be
easily collected from 9 honeybee colonies or from not more than 10
colonies.
If the price of the propolis is evaluated with 250 E.£. therefore
one honeybee colony could produce propolis with the value of 25 E.£.
yearly. An apiary consists of 120 honeybee colonies gives extra income
from propolis only about 3000 E.£. This sum makes the propolis of an
economic importance not less than other hive products such as: honey,
beeswax, royal jelly etc.
We recommend all beekeepers, to gain this extra income from
propolis, to insist collecting prepoIis allover the year by using the bee
tool or ordinary knife to scratch the propolis from the above mentioned
three places inside the hive and keep these amounts in nylon small bays
to be sold for some medical and pharmaceutical or cosmetical
compames.
When the beekeepers did not find enough time to collect
propolis all the months of the year, they can concentrate propolis
collecting only during 8 months a year. (from: April - November).
During these months they can collect 75% of the annual amount (about
85 gms) without any additional efforts, thus these eight months are the
activity season for beekeepers for inspection the honeybee colonies. In
this case, the apiary of 120 colonies can produce about 10 kgms of
propolis estimated of 2500 E.£. (nearly 20 - 21 E.£. per colony) and
this sum is equivilant for the 2 kgms clover honey.
Last few years the information and data about the propolis
properties and uses in Medicine has greatly increased especially in the
field of treatment of skin diseases. Acne vulgaris, psoriasis, idiopathic
palmoplanter hyperkeratosis, Tinea-pedis and Tinea-capitis (Domer,
1994).
These informations led to a great interest in collecting the
propolis as one of the hive products to use it in these medical,
pharmaceutical and cosmetical purposes.
Due to the lack of forests in Egypt, the main sources of propolis
in many foreign countries, our present research becomes of a great
importance in this field as a trial for local collecting or obtaining more
amount of propolis for all these purposes.