الفهرس 
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Abstract
Acute renal failure (ARF) has traditionally been defined as the abrupt
loss of kidney function that results in the retention of urea and other
nitrogenous waste products and in the dysregulation of extracellular volume
and electrolytes. The loss of kidney function is most easily detected by
measurement of the serum creatinine which is used to estimate the
glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Increasing numbers of patients with acute
renal failure are managed in the setting of an intensive care unit. Many such
patients have multiorgan failure.Sepsis or both, with associated
cardiovascular instability