الفهرس 
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Abstract
Few extractive spectrophotometric methods have been reported for the quantitative determination of major tranquilizers (chlorpromazine and thioridazine) and antihistamines (fexofenadine, chlorpheniramine maleate, diphenhydramine and chlorphenoxamine) in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids (urine and serum). Therefore, i found it important to prepare new ion–pair complexes containing these drugs and to study and elucidate their chemical structure. Four new, simple, rapid and accurate extractive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the analysis of the six drugs in dosage forms and in biological fluids. The first part is based upon the formation of an ion-pair complexes formed from reaction of drug cations (CPZ and THZ) with four acidic sulphonphthalein dyes anions (bromocresol green (BCG), bromophenol blue (BPB), bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromocresol purple (BCP)) in presence of acidic buffer under the optimum condition. Intense yellow colour of ion-pair complex was obtained with a maximum absorption at 405 nm with the four dyes in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations and in urine. The second method of ion-pair extractive spectrophotometric method is based upon the formation of dichloromethane soluble ion-association complexes between four antihistamines (fexofenadine, chlorpheniramine maleate, diphenhydramine and chlorphenoxamine) with four dyes (patent blue (PB), eriochrome black T (EBT), methyl orange (MO) and bromocresol purple (BCP)) in acidic medium. The coloured species exhibited absorption maxima at 632, 514, 428 and 414 nm for PB, EBT, MO and BCP, respectively the optimum condition in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations and in urine. The proposed methods have advantageous over other reported visible spectrophotometric methods with respect to the sensitivity parameters (molar absorptivity; Sandell’s sensitivity, detection and quantification limits). The small values of Sandell’s sensitivity, detection limits (LOD) and quantification limits (LOQ) indicate the high sensitivity of the proposed method in the determination of the drugs under investigation and the possibility of applying the proposed methods in routine analysis of the drugs under investigation. The proposed methods can be applied for routine analysis and in quality control laboratories for the quantitative determination of the studied drugs in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids (urine and serum).