الفهرس 
anatomy and physiology of the kidneyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most frequent complaints of dialysis patients and is associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The prevalence of fatigue ranges from 60% to as high as 97% in patients on long-term renal replacement therapy. The importance of fatigue to patients with kidney disease is underscored by the observation that 94% of hemodialysis patients endorsed a willingness to undergo more frequent dialysis if there would be an associated increase in energy level .Despite the importance of fatigue to patients, health care providers remain largely unaware of both the presence and severity of fatigue among dialysis patients. Fatigue is defined as subjective sense of weakness, lack of energy, and tiredness. There are many factors contributing to fatigue as Age, patients who are older may have higher levels of fatigue. Sex, women were report higher levels of fatigue than men. Occupation, unemployed persons may have higher levels of fatigue. Psychosocial factors, depression, anxiety, and lack of social support have been proved to have relationship to fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis , physiological factors. Sleep, poor sleep quality may be the result of a combination of physiological and psychological factors and presents a problem for many patients on dialysis. There are two types of fatigue , physical and mental fatigue and there are certain causes of fatigue as , malnutrition, anernia, infection , sleep disturbance, depression, daily living stress, obesity, smoking, excessive caffeine drinking, and lack of daily exercise.