الفهرس 
Chapter IOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a difficult and complex disease. It is defined as endovascular microbial infection of cardiovascular structures (e.g., native valves, ventricular or atrial endocardium) including endarteritis of the large intrathoracic vessels. Or infection of intracardiac foreign bodies (e.g., prosthetic valves, surgically created conduits, pacemaker or internal cardiovertor defibrillator leads) facing the blood stream.
Its intracardiac effects include severe valvular insufficiency, which may lead to intractable congestive heart failure and myocardial abscesses. IE also produces a wide variety of systemic signs and symptoms through several mechanisms, including emboli and various immunological phenomena