الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
_ 118 -
5. SUMMARY
Two field experiments were carried out at the Expt.
Farm Station of the National Research Centre (NRC) at
Shalakan} Kalubia during the early summer (transplanted
at Feb. 15 th). and the fall seasons (transplanted at
Juli 1 st) of 1988 and 1989. Studies aimed to determine
the eff ect of irrigati on level wi thin cuLti var on growth.
chemical composition yield and quality of tomato fruitswith special
reference to fruit cracking. Therefore. each experiment
included 12 treatments which are 3-levels of irrigation
(low, medium and high which were irrigated at 60-70, 70-80 and
80-90% of the field capacity. respectively) within
Marmand) . All cultivars were
Strain-B. AceVFS5 and Super
transplanted on ridges of
4-cultivars of tomato (UC-97-3.
100 em width at 25 em apart. Treatments were arranged
in the field using four r epLLcat es in a split plot design
whereas. the irrigation levels surved as main plots and
cultlvars were randumly disterbuted as the the sub plots. The most
important results were as follows:
1- Vegetative growth:
Results showed that increasing the irrigation level
significantly increased; plant height. fresh and dry weight
per plant however. number of leaves and branches
per plant were not considerably affected by irrigation
level. as showq in both the early summer and fall
seasons. Tomatt cultivars were significantly differed
.a
------- - -- ------- - ---------- -~------- ------~---
- 119-
in their vegetative growth; cv. Super Marmand surpassed
the other tested cuLtivars with respect to plant hei ght ,
number of leaves and branches t fresh and dry weight per
plant. within all levels of irrigation. However, cv.
Strain-B showed the lowest plant growth reached the smallest
growth at the medium irrigation level.
2. R,F and K content (% or as/plant) of plant foliage:
Generally t the mineral content of plant foliage was
significantly differed due to the irrigation ievel, cultivar
and growing season as follows:
a- Total-N and K content (% and mg/plant) of leaves and/
or branches were increased by increasing the irrigation
level. However, P content of foliage was not co~siderably
aff ected by irr igation level, as shown in both seasons.
b- Tomato cultivars were significantly differed in their
mineral content. In the early summer season. cv. Super
Marmand had higher Nand K content (% or mg/plant) followed
by cv. AceVFSS’ UC-97-3 and Strain-B. However, in the
fall season, cv. AceVFSS had higher N and K content,
followed by cv. UC-97-3, Strain-B and Super Marmand.
Concerning P uptake of plant foliage, it was high in cvs.
AceVF
SS
and UC-97-3 followed by Super Harmand and Strain-B
which showed the lowest P content in both seasons.
c- According to ~~he interaction between irrigation level
. !,
and cuLti var, inlthe early summer season, cv. Super Marmand
within medium off low irrigation and cv , UC-97-3 within
-e. !
--- - -- -- _. - --- -- _.- -- - ----~
- 120 -
the high irrigation resulted the highest Nand K content.
However, cv. Strain-B showed the lowest Nand K uptake
as compared with the other cultivars within all levels
of irrigation. Meanwhile, in the fall season, supplying
cvs. Super Marmand and UC-97-3 with the high irrigation
level eave the highest Nand K uptake followed by cv. Strain-B
within the high irrigation level and the lowest content
was recorded by cv. Super Marmand within the low irrigation
level.
3- Fruit yield and its components:
a- Decreasing the level of irrigation gradually and
signifcantly increased fruit early yield, as shown in the
early summer season. However, an opposite trend was detected
in the fall season i. e. fruit early yield was increased
by increasing the level of irrigation from low, medium
up to the high level. Moreover, no considerable variances
in yield earliness was detected between the low and the
medium irrigation level, as..shown in the fall season.
The iaa r ke t abLe and total fruit yields of both
seasons, were gradually and significantly increased
by increasing the level of irrigation from the low up to
the high level, with no significant difference in total
yield between t’e .edium and low irrigation Le ve Lf-
This increment • total yield was possi Yelly related with
the .. increase in~ both of the average fruit weight (only
- 121 -
in the fall season) and in number of frui ts per. plan t of
both seasons.
b- Concerning the cultivars, cv. UC-97-3 produced the
highest early, marketable and total fruit yield as compared
with cvs. Super Marmand, Strain-B and AceVFSS. such increments
reached 0.63, 3.34 and 3.91 ton/Fed. over in total
yield for each cuLtivar and represented about 4.7. 31.2
and 38.6%, respectively, in the early summer season.
In the fall season, cvs. UC-97-3 and Strain-B gave
simi lIar early yield and higher than that of the other
tested cultivars. Moreover, cvs. Strain-B and Super Marmand
produced higher total yield as compared with the other
tested cultivars with an increase of 3.46-4.16 ton/Fed .
represented 62-85% over in total fruit yield. .However,
cv. Strain-B surpassed all tested cultivars including Super
Marmand with respect to fru~t marketable yield, in the
fall season. Furthermore. cv. AceVF55 produced the lowest
earl y, marketable and total £rui t yield as compared with
the other tested cultivars, in both seasons.
c- Results of the early summer season showed that cv. UC-
97-3 wi thin the -Lov irrigation produced the highest early.
marketable and ~otal fruit yield as co.pared with other
treatments. Incteasing level of irrigation significantly
decreased fruit!’Yield and its cOllponents of cv. UC-97-3.
However, marketf_le and total yieldS of cvs. Strain-B,
--- ------ ---------
- 122 -
AceVF55 and Super Marmand were considerably increased by
increasing the irrigation level. Therefore, it is better
to irrigate the latter 3-cultivars at 80-90% of the field
capac it Y (high irrigation level) in case of transplanting
at mid Februrary for the summer season.
Respecting the fall season, results showed that
cv. strain-B within the medium and high irrigation levelS
produced the highest early and marketable yield associated
with high total yield as compared with the other tested
cul.tivars within all levels of irrigation. Although, the
hi ghest fruit total yield (ton/Fed.) was obtained by c v.
Super Marmand within low irrigation but this culti var is
not recommended for growing in the fall season due to its
high unmarketable yield which reached 55.98% of the total
yield. Moreover, cv. AceVFSS
within all levels of
irrigation gave the lowest early, marketable and total
fruit yield, in both seasons.
4- Fruit quality: Fruit cracking:
a- Increasing the level of irrigation up to the highest level
(irrigation at 80-90% of the field capacity) significantly
decreased fruit cracking % and cracked fruit weight. (ton/Fed.)
as compared with the low irrigation leTel (irrigation at
60-70% F.C.) in both seasons.
b- Concerning t+e cracked fruit weight
cultivar. cv, supt- Marmandproduced the highest
as affected by
quantity of cracked
123 -
fruits (3.43-4.4 ton/Fed.) as compared with the other tested
cultivars, in both seasons. Moreover, fruit cracking of
cv. Super Marmand was of the concentric type and high
cracking category (cracks extended more than! of the fruit).
The quantity of the cracked fruits of cv. AceVFS5 which comes
in the second rank reached 3.58-1.92 ton/Fed. and most
cracks were of the slight to medium category of that radial
type. On the other hand, cvs. UC-97-3 and Strain-B produced
the lowest cracked fruits weight(reached 0.29-0.58 ton/Fed.),
as shown in both seasons and most fruit cracks were of that
slight radial type. The hi gh resistant to fruit cracking
of” cvs . UC-97-3 and Strain-:-Bis mainly ·due to date shape ,
thick flesh, low number of lacules and the low j uice%
as compared with that _of cvs, Ace VF 55 and Super Marmand.
c- Generally, cvs. Super Marmand gave higher values of cracked fruitsyield
followed by cv. AceVF55 as compared with cvs. UC-97-3
and Strain-B within all levels of irrigation, in both
seasons. Although, no significant difference in fruit
cracking percen~a8e was detected between cvs. Strain-B
and UC-9J-3 in the early summer season, cv. UC-9T-3
within low and~ medium .irrigation surpassed cv. Strain-B
in tbe fall sea~n.
in average
characteristics of toaato fruits:
level of irrigation led to an increase
weight in the fall season, however, an
5- Fruit
a- Increasing
opposite trend was found in the early summer season.
- 125 -
decreased the ti tra ta ble acidity of tomato juice reached
to its lowest value within the high irrigation level, as
compared with the other irrigation levels in both seasons.
b- Goncerning with the effect of c u Lt Lva r , fruits of c v ,
Strain-B had high content of vitamin-C and total acidity
associated with low content of T5S%. However, fruits
of c v , AceVFS5 had
content of v Lt.am Lnr C
high TSS% associated with medium
and low ti trata b1e acid i t y. Other
cultivars had medium values in this respect.
c- Results showed that frui tf of c vs. Ace VF55 followed by
UC-97-3 had higher TSS% as compared with those of cvs.
Strain-B and Super Marmand within all levels of irrigation,
as shown in the early summer season however, variances
failed to reach the level of significancy in the fall
season. Fruits of c vs . Strain-B followed by UC-97-3 had
a higher titratable acidty as compared with that of c vs ,
AceVF55 and
of irrigation.
Super Marmand within all levels.
in both seasons. It seems that
vi tamin -C con tent was more aff ec ted by cu1 ti var since it
was not considerably affected by irrigation within cultivar.
Conclusion:
It could be concluded from this study that:
1- It was clear that evs. UC-97-3 and 5train-B produced
a higher marketable yield (77.77-84.01% based on total
- 126 -
yield) as compared with that of cvs. AceVF55 and Super
Marmand (50.44-56.46%) with all levels of irrigation in
both seasons.
2- Results of both the early summer and fall season showed
that cv. AceVF55 produced the lowest early, marketable
and total fruit yields as compared with the other test ed
cultivars within all levels of irrigation.
3- In the early summer season, growing cv . UC-97-3 within
the low irrigation level (irrigation..at 60-70% of the field
capacity) is recommended in order to get the highest early,
marketa bIe and total yields of frui ts with high qual itY as
compared with the other tested cultivars. Moreover, fruits
of cv. UC-97-3 had larger size, thicker flesh and more
resistant to fruit cracking than that of cv. Strain-B.
4- In the fall season. growing cv. Strain-B within high
irrigation (irrigation at 80-90% of field capacity) is
recommended in order to get the highest early and marketable
yields of fruits with high quality.
5- It is better to irrigate the tomato plants at 80-90%
of the field capacity (high level irrigation) in order
to decrease the quantity qf cracked fruits (X or ton/Fed.)
especially those susceptable cultivars to fruit cracking
such as AceVFS5 a*d Super Karmand.
--------
118 -
5. SUMMARY
Two field experiments were carried out at the Expt.
Farm Station of the National Research Centre (NRC) at
Shalakan} Kalubia during the early summer (transplanted
at Feb. 15 .1.h.L and the fall seasons (transplanted at
Juli of 1988 and 1989. Studies aimed to determine
the eff ec t of irrigati on level wi thin cuLti var on growth.
chemical composition yield and quality of tomato frui tSNith special
reference to fruit cracking. Therefore. each experiment
included 12 treatments which are 3-levels of irrigation
(low, medium and high which were irrigated at 60-70, 70-80 and
80-90% of the field capacity. respectively) within
4-cultivars of tomato (UC-97-3. Strain-B. AceVFS5 and Super
Marmand) All cultivars were transplanted on ridges of
100 em width at 25 em apart. Treatments were arranged
in the field using four r epLLc at es in a split plot design
whereas. the irrigation levels surved as main plots and
cuItlvars were randumly disterbuted as the the sub plots. The most
important results were as follows:
1- Vegetative growth’
Results showed that increasing the irrigation level
significantly
per plant
per plant
increased; plant height. fresh
however. number of leaves
and dry weight
and branches
were not considerably affected by irrigation
level. as showq
Tomatt
in both the early summer and fall
seasons. cultivars were significantly differed
119-
in their vegetative growth; cv. Super Marmand surpassed
the other tested cuLti vars with respect to plant hei gh t ,
number of leaves and branches t fresh and dry weight per
plant. within all levels of irrigation. However, cv.
Strain- B showed the lowest plant growth reached the smallest
growth at the medium irrigation level.
2 . .E...,...E..a..nd .E: content ..l.?o.o..r a;:;/pl ant) ill pl ant fol j age’
Generally t the mineral content of plant foliage was
significantly differed due to the irrigation ievel, cultivar
and growing season
a- Total-N and K
as follows:
content (% and mg/plant) of leaves and/
or branches were increased by increasing the irrigation
level.
aff ected
However, P content of foliage was not co-e si derab.Ly
by irrigation level, as shown in both seasons.
b- Tomato cuItivars were significantly
early summer
differed in their
mineral content. In the season. cv. Super
Marmand had higher Nand K content (% or mg/plant)
by cv. AceVFSS’ UC-97-3 and Strain-B. However,
followed
in the
fall season, cv. AceVFSS
UC-97-3,
had higher N and K content,
followed by
Concerning P
cv. Strain-B and Super Marmand.
uptake of plant foliage, it was high in cvs.
AceVF and
SS
which showed
UC-97-3 followed by Super Harmand and Strain-B
the lowest P content in both seasons.
c- According to ~~he interaction between irrigation level
and cuLti var, inl the early summer season, cv. Super Marmand
within medium off low irrigation and cv, UC-97-3 within
-e. !
120
the high irrigation resulted the highest
However, cv. Strain-B showed the lowest
as corrrpared with the other cultivars
of irrigation.
Meanwhile, In the fall
cvs. Super Marrriand and UC-97-3 with
level eave the highest Nand K uptake
within the high irrigation level and
was recorded by cv. Super Marrriand within
level.
3- Emjt yjeld .and i1s..... components’
a- Decreasing the level of irrigation
signifcantly increased fruit early yield,
early surnrner season. However, an opposite
In the fall season 1. e. fruit early
by
r.ncre.asr.ng the level of irrigation
up to the high level. Moreover, no considerable variances
In yield earliness was detected between
me.diurn irrigation level, as ..shown III the fall
The iaa r ke tab Le and total fruit
Nand K content.
Nand K uptake
within all levels
season, supplying
the high irrigation
followed by cv. Strain-B
the lowest content
the low irrigation
gradually and
as shown In the
trend was detected
yield was increased
from low, me.diurn
the low and the
season.
yields of both
seasons, were gradually and significantly increased
by
r.ncre.asr.ng the level of irrigation
the high level, with no significant
yield between t’e .edium and
This iricrerrient total yield was pOSSI Yelly with
the .. Increase rn-> both of the average
from the low up to
difference III total
low irrigation Leve Lfrelated
fruit weight (only
121 -
in the fall season) and in number of frui ts per. plan t of
both seasons.
b- Concerning
highest early,
the cu1tivars, cv. UC-97-3 produced the
marketable and total frui t yield as compared
with
ments reached 0.63, 3.34
Strain- Band AceVF SS. such increand
3.91 ton/Fed. over in total
cvs. Super Marmand,
yield for each cuLtivar and represented about 4.7. 31. 2
and 38.6% , respectively, in the early summer season.
In the fall season, cvs. UC-97-3 and Strain-B gave
simi lIar early yield and higher than that of the other
tested cultivars. Moreover, cvs. Strain-B and Super Marmand
produced higher total yield as compared with the other
tested cultivars with an increase of 3.46-4.16 ton/Fed.
represented 62-85% over in total fruit yield. .However,
cv. Strain-B surpassed all tested cultivars including Super
Marmand with respect to fru~t marketable yield, in the
fall season. Furthermore. cv. AceVF55 produced the lowest
earl y, marketable and total £rui t yield as compared with
the other tested cuItivars, in both seasons.
c- Results of the early summer season showed that cv. UC-
97-3 wi thin the -Lov irrigation produced the highest early.
marketable and ~otal fruit yield as co.pared with other
treatments. Incteasing level of irrigation significantly
decreased fruit! ’Yield and its cOllponents of cv. UC-97-3.
However, marketf Ie and total yieldS of cvs. Strain-B,
- 122
AceVF55 and Super Marmand were considerably increased by
i.ricrea.sr.ng the irrigation level. Therefore, it IS better
to irrigate the latter 3-cultivars at 80-90% of the field
capac it Y (high irrigation level) In case of transplanting
at rnid Februrary for the surnrner season.
Respecting the fall season, results showed that
cv. strain-B within the rnediurn and high irrigation levelS
produced the highest early and marketable yield associated
with high total yield as compared with the other tested
cul.tivars within all levels of irrigation. Although, the
hi ghest fruit total yield (ton/Fed.) was obtained by cv.
Super Marmand within low irrigation but this culti var IS
not recollllllended for gr’o’wrng III the fall season due to its
high unmarketable yield which reached 55.98% of the total
yield. Moreover, cv. AceVFSS
within all levels of
irrigation gave the lowest early, marketable and total
fruit yield, In both seasons.
4- Emit C1.uality· Emit crackin~’
a- Increasing the level of irrigation up to the highest level
(irrigation at 80-90% of the field capacity) significantly
decreased fruit cracking % and cracked fruit weight. (ton/Fed.)
as compared with the low irrigation leTel (irrigation at
60-70% F.C.) In both seasons.
b- Concerning t+e cracked fruit weight as affected by
cultivar. cv, supt- Marmand.produced the highest quantity of cracked
123 -
frui ts (3.43-4.4 ton/Fed.) as compared with the other tested
cultivars, in both seasons. Moreover, frui t cracking of
cv. Super Marmand was of the concentric type and high
cracking category (cracks extended
The quantity of the cracked fruits
more than! of the frui t) .
of cv. AceVFS5
ton/Fed.
which
and
comes
most
in the second rank reached 3.58-1.92
type.
the lowest
On the other
slight to medium category of that radial
hand, cvs. UC-97-3 and Strain-B produced
cracks were of the
cracked frui ts weight (reached 0.29-0.58 ton/Fed. ) ,
as shown in both seasons and most fruit cracks were of that
slight radial type.
of” cvs UC-97-3 and
The hi gh resistant to fruit cracking
Strain-: -B is mainly . due to date shape,
thick flesh, low number of lac ules and the low j uice%
as compared with that of cvs, AceVF55 and Super Marmand.
c- Generally, cvs. Super Marmandgave higher val ues of cracked frui tsyield
followed by cv. AceVF55 as compared with cvs.
all levels of irrigation,
UC-97-3
in both
and Strain- B within
seasons. Although, no significant difference in fruit
cracking percen~a8e was detected between cvs. Strain-B
and UC-9J-3
within low
in the early summer season, cv. UC-9T-3
and~ medium .irrigation surpassed cv. Strain-B
in tbe fall seavn .
a- Increasing
in average
opposite
characteristics of toaato fruits:
5- Emit
level of irrigation led to an increase
weight in the fall season, however, an
trend was found in the early summer season.
125 -
decreased the ti tra ta ble acidity of tomato JUice
to its irrigation
m both seasons.
lowest
with
value within the high
compared the other irrigation levels
b- Goncerning with the effect of cuLt Lvar, fruits
Strain-B had high content of vitamin-C and total
associated with low content of T5S%. However,
of cv, AceVFS5 had
content of v Lt.am Ln. C
high
and
TSS% associated with medium
low ti trata ble acid it y. Other
cultivars had medium values m this respect.
reached
level, as
of cv,
acidity
fruits
c- Results frui tf of c vs.
TSS% as compared with those
Ace VF55 followed
of cvs.
showed that
UC-97-3 had higher
Strain-B and Super Marmand within all levels
by
as shown season however,
of irrigation,
in the early summer
failed reach the level of significancy
followed
to
season. Fruits of cvs. Strain-B
vanances
in the fall
had
a higher with
by UC-97-3
titratable acidty as compared that of c vs ,
AceVF all 55 and
of irrigation.
vi tamin -C con tent
Super Marmand within
in both seasons. It
was more aff ec ted by cu l ti var
was not considerably affected by irrigation within
Conclusjon’
It could be concluded from this study that:
1- It was clear that evs. UC-97-3 and 5train-B
a higher marketable yield (77.77-84.01 % based
levels.
seems that
since it
cultivar.
produced
on total
126 -
yield) as compared with that of cvs. AceVF55 and Super
Marmand (50.44-56.46%) with all levels of irrigation in
both seasons.
2- Results of both the early summer and fall season showed
that cv. AceVF produced the lowest early, marketable
55
and total fruit yields as compared with the other test ed
cultivars within all levels of irrigation.
3- In the early summer season, growing cV. UC-97-3 within
the low irrigation level (irrigation. at 60-70% of the field
capacity) is recommended in order to get the highest early,
marketa b Ie and total yields of frui ts with high qual it Y as
compared with the other tested cuItivars. Moreover, fruits
of cv. UC-97-3 had larger size, thicker flesh and more
resistant to fruit cracking than that of cv. Strain-B.
4- In the fall season. growing cv. Strain-B within high
irrigation
recommended
(irrigation at 80-90% of field capacity) is
in order to get the highest early and marketable
yields of fruits with high quality.
5- It is better to irrigate the tomato plants at 80-90%
of the field capacity (high level irrigation) in order
to decrease the quantity qf cracked fruits (X or ton/Fed. )
especially those susceptable cultivars to fruit cracking
such as AceVF S5 a*d Super Karmand.