الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
In the present investigation, the density and
distI’i bution of three groups of bacterial indicators
of pollution nWiiely; total coliform, ~aecal coliform
and faecal streptococci, as well as the presumptive
detection of salmonellae were examined in water,
sewage and soil. The follovang,may cover the outcome
of major findings:
.....•
1)- Total bacterial counts were c arr-Led out at 220C
The data obtained rev~~eq that there
was no obvious differences between the count at
both temper-atures. Total bacterial counts ranged
bet’liven 103_ 10’(, 103-106 and 102_ 105/ 100 ml for
can~l, river Nile and dl’iven PUllip water samples
•••
respectively. In addition, by comparing between
,
soil sewaged for 5 ye~.’s and those sewaged for 23
yeai-s , the z-esu.l t a indicated that, a:t EI-Gabal E1-
Asi’a.r farIll,the treatment with sewage effluent
incre~sGd the ~otGl bactex’ial counts. The counts
’:”UIltJ.;cd be”tweon 1011_ 1016, 1011_ 101,5, reI, 108_ 1011/
10 gram and 107_ 1011
/ 10 gram of raw sewage, sewage
after settling, soil sewaged for 5 years and soil
sewa~ed for 23 year~respectively.
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2)- Total coliform density of Nile water and
Ismailia canal water were ranged between 102_ 103/
100 ml and 104- 108/ 100 ml; respectively. The
highest density was recorded during the high temperature
months, whileas the lowest density followed
the low temperature n ontihs , The density of co11-
form for driven pump water samples seemed to resemble
the raw water coliform density.
it reached up to 104/ 100 mI.
Moreover
The density of total coliform-~ang&d
betiv.een 109_ 1016 and 107_ 1016/ 100 ml in raw
aevzage and sewage after settling respectively • .J
The results indicated that, the settling time is
not enough to decr~lise the level of coliforms. The
results also showed no difference between the deusity
of coliforms for soil sewaged for 5 years and a3
years samples. However,in. some- cases, the- dens1ty of
cqli1:0.ql1.lI8-S bigher 1n S011 88~d for 57earsthan . ’that sawaged tor 23 years.
3)- Faecal coliform results have the same pattern
of total coliform. Moreover, the density of faecal
- 1’+4 - ••
coLaf’or-n. ii- most cases, resembled those of co1iform
group. These results suppo~t the recommendation
of other investigators that, the faecal
pollution must be assessed to the whole group of
coliform especially in tropical and subtropical
areas. Faecal coliform density ranged between
103- 105/ 100 ml fu~d 10- 103/ 100 ml for canal
and river Nile water samples. Driven pump water
samples ,revealed an average dens! ty between 10 _
;I::
10// 100 mI. In audition, the re~ults ot faecal
calif’orm of Sewage .samples con.firmed tij.e··di£ficiency
of the settling process. With regard to soil
samples, the samples of soil sewaged for 23 years
showed an increase in faecal coliform density.
HowGver, a casual increase in faecal coliform density
was observed in 5 years sewaged ~oil samples.
4)- Faecal sl;reptococci density ranged between
10
2
_ 103/ 100 ml, 103_ 104/ 100 ml, and 10 _ 103/
100 ml of Nile water, Ismailia canal water and driven
pump water samplesJrespectively. On the other
h.ind , tine. d61l.city r-anged between 108_ 1014/ 100 ml’
,- ’I
;;;2”:<1 1.0°_ 10 / 10 G of sewage and soil,ll’espectively.
The density of faecal streptococci co~firmed the
~)lative deficienty in settling process of sewage
for removal of bacterial parameters in general.
In addition, the soil samples showed no obvious
diffel’ences bet-ween either those sewage d for .5
yea:r’s or 23 years samples.
In general, the level of faecal indicators
arrowed to the dr’amat~c effect of sewage and soil
j
at E1-Gabal EI-Asrar farm on the-rlriven pump water.
In addition, river Nile water still have a good
bacterial quality than Ismailia canal and driven
pump water.
5)- A total of 4}4 iqolates of coliforms we~e recovered
from the investigated vehicles. -E.co-li proper (~ype I, lIt and III) represents 43 % of the
total coliform identified from samples of raw water
(Nile water and Ismailia canal water), while it
reached 29 % of total coliform isolates for driven
pur~p water sw~ples. -E.co-li 1~ola-tes from sewage
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and soil s aap Le s represented 47.3 % and 35.4 %
of total coliform isolates, respectively.
In the pre serrt i.Q.ves’t;isa’liioD., I.A.C. t,ypes
( represented herein ~Y K.aerogenes and Citr.
j
fl’t:undii) were recovered in percentage of ,32.2 %,
43.5 %, 16.6 %, and 46 % of the total coliform
identified r’z-om raw wa-ter, driven pump water,
sewage and soil sarnples•.•respectively. The perce
ntrage of’ I .A.C •...types prevalen..- from .(l±iven
pump water and soil samples, revealed a close
relationship between the two vehicles.
6)- A total of 641 isolates of faecal streptoc,~~
eei group wer’e isolated from .t’awwater, sewage and
soil samples. ~.faecalis was the predominant
type (138’isolates) followed by its two varieties;
.2!l:.faecalis var. liquefaciens (116 isolate·s)· and
§!£.faecalis var.zymogenes (79 isolates).
faeciuw·and ili.bovis were succes:.:;fully
i.solotE:dbut in relatively small nurubers (65 and
29 isoletes for -Str.faecium and -Str.bovis respecti- ~
veIy ) .1’Ji th rec~8.1.·d to atypical forms of faecal
_.-. ~”._ .. - -~ -_._ ... _--- --_.~.--- -~._--_ ..
-’147 -
.stl.’C[)tococci.
m.an.y isolates VlGt’e L’ecQvered f’r’om
the invc;;3ti2,ated samples (193 isolates).
The resuI
ts [:3hoWGdthat. there was U .lelationship between
the types isolatud from ~ewage and s011 samples
and those recover’ed f’rom driven P:wIll) vlater samples.
These results arrowed to the assumption o£ movement
of faecal streptococci types from sewage through
;
soil into the driven pump water.
7) - •COL’re1at i on b.l”tween .faee a1 ~e:o erial. indicat ors.
und presumpti.ve recovery of salmonellae were Curried
out. ’l’here:..mlts showed that. then;; was a discrti.
n .safl::ples uf. I’OW\’later and dz-Lven pump water
t’llC: LJ.i lU.1.~et; l’Ol)Ox’tod b.>.’ E. coli r WtH3 --- not f’ound when tIle i’aecal streptococci was taken
whole.
as 3..L. indici.Jtor; nei:bher with colifor’m group as a
Thus, t’:12 .re;Jults tend to Support the
View that in the absence of ~.£2!!! in water, food
or soil examination, the collective use of coliform
S.L’oup and faecal streptococci seems to be a good
answer to the question of accurate assessment of
faecal pollution.