الفهرس 
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Abstract
The overall work can be summarized as follow: i- In chapter one, a brief review on current usage of the term ”heavy metal” and their chemical classification, the applications of different techniques for removal of heavy metals. Special attention is given to health risk assessment of heavy metals and health risk assessment of radionuclides. The reported literature survey revealed that Control of heavy metal cations and simple cations. Hence, there is a need for reliable rapid and low cost solid sorbent for routine work for minimizing and removal of toxic heavy metals and radioactive element species in natural and industrial effluents.