الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study aimed to throw a light on the common and prevalent surgical affections of tail and surrounding areas in domestic animals especially from the clinical point of view considering the common clinical features and the correct approach for surgical management. These affections were recorded during the period between January 2010 and August 2012. Animals were collected from different localities as Clinic of Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University- Animal Health Center at Abes region and surrounding areas- Brooke Hospital of Animal Care.
A total number of (185) cases were recorded including (44) horses, (17) donkeys, (3) mules, (38) cattle, (40) buffaloes, (19) sheep, (8) goats and (16) cats. These animals included (61) males and (124) females with variable body weight and ages between few days to 5 years old. Surgical interference was conducted in a routine manner according to type of the lesion considering its location and extension.
Animals were controlled physically by rubbing and chemically by using xylazine Hcl in ruminants given parent rally and 10% chloral hydrate in equine given by I.V route. Local or regional analgesia using 2% lignocaine Hcl was also performed.
Taillessness was recorded in (18) animals, (3) horses, (3) donkeys, (2) buffaloes, (5) sheep, (2) goats and (3) cats. Some of these cases were found in males (11 cases) and others were found in females (7 cases).
Tail necrosis was recorded in (17) animals, (3) donkeys, (5) cattle, (6) buffaloes and (3) cats. Some cases of tail necrosis were males (12) and others were females (5). Animals (< 2 years) affected with tail necrosis were 2 cases and (> 2 years) were 15 cases. Some of these cases were treated by application of formalin 10% and others were treated surgically by amputation (V-shape operation).
Tail wounds were recorded in (18) animals, (6) horses, (4) donkeys, (3) buffaloes, (3) sheep and (2) cats and some of these wounds were recent and and others were old. Some of these cases were treated by suturing (recent wounds) (14 cases) and others were treated by daily dressing (old wounds) (4 cases).
Tail abscesses were recorded in (15) animals, (4) horses, (3) donkeys, (5) cattle and (3) cats. These cases were treated by ripening of abscess then opening and application of hydrogen peroxide and betadine with drain application.
Tumors were recorded in (21) animals, (8) horses, (4) cattle, (6) buffaloes and (3) cats. These cases varied between papillomas (6) cases (28.6%), fibromas (9) cases (42.9%), squamous cell carcinomas (5) cases (23.8%) and melanoma (1) case (4.7%). Some of these tumors were localized on the tail (12) cases and others on the vagina (9). Histopathological examinations were done for differential diagnosis between papillomas, fibromas, squamous cell carcinomas and melanoma and these cases were treated by surgical excision of tumors or tail amputation.
Atresia ani and recti were recorded in (14) animals, (3) cattle, (3) buffaloes, (5) sheep and (3) goat. Atresia ani were localized in (11 cases) and atresia recti in (3 cases). These cases were treated by circular incision at anal or rectal positions under effect of local anesthesia.
Rectovaginal fistula were recorded in (9) animals, (4) horses and (5) cattle. These cases were treated surgically by suturing every organ.
Prolapses were recorded in (44) animals, (25) rectal prolapse, (8) vaginal prolapse and (11) uterine prolapse. Rectal prolapse affected (4) horses, (4) donkeys, (3) mule, (4) cattle, (5) buffaloes, (2) sheep and (3) goats. These cases were treated surgically as usual. Vaginal and uterine prolapses were met with in (5) horses, (4) cattle, (6) buffaloes and (4) sheep. After reduction of the vagina or uterus using of worm water or sugar or lead subacetate on the prolapsed part or intra-uterine was preferable to return the uterus to its normal position, suturing the vagina by purse string manner.
Lacerations of vulva and vagina were recorded in (10) animals, (3) horses, (4) cattle and (3) buffaloes. These cases treated with surgical repair by suturing.
Urolithiasis was recorded in (5) animals, (3) buffaloes and (2) cats. Some of these cases were males (2 cases) and others were females (3 cases). These cases were treated surgically by perineal approach or post-ischial operation.
Pneumovagina was recorded in (4) animals in horses only. These cases were treated by Caslick’s operation.
Fractures were recorded in (10) animals, (3) horses, (4) cattle and (3) buffaloes. Fractures cases varied between fracture of tail (1) case (10%), fracture of pelvis (4) cases (40%) and fracture of femur (5) cases (50%). Some of these cases of fractures were treated with fixation by gypsona and others were condemned or slaughtered.