الفهرس 
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Abstract
Deformation of the earth`s crust is considered as one of the most important problems facing the geodesists. This is due to its effect on the coordinates of control points of the networks and its effect on the human life and safety of all man-made such as engineering structures. The phenomenon of crustal movements caused some problems in the Mokattam area.These problems have been arisen through the last two decades.These problems are the retreat of the edge of the upper plateau, damage of some constructions and the cornich street.These problems are due to the slope failure of the edge of the upper plateau,The non-tectonic structure of the plateau and the presence of drifting surface (shale layers) between the limestone layers which from this plateau.
For monitoring the horizontal crustal movements of the upper plateau of Mokattam, an optimal and sensitive geodetic work is designed using simualtion technique, concepts of the second -order design problem and variation of coordinates technique. This network consists of eleven stations, seven are located on the upper mokattam plateau, two are located on the middle plateau and two are held fixed outside the two plateau.Geologic maps, topographic maps amd geologic information of mokattam have been used for designing this network.The precision and sensitivity of the network are measured. The results indicate that the network is precise and sensitive to detect the horizontal movement of the upper plateau of mokattam.
Four sets of measurements have been taken for this network through 1995.The time interval between remeasurements is taken as four months.The global test of gross errors detection is also applied to detect gross errors in the observations. The results indicate thet there are no gross errors in all observations of each remeasurement.A computer program was designed for adjusting he observations has been applied an each set of measurements. The output of adjustment procedure( standard errors of coordinates, error , ...etc) have been used for measuring the local and global precision and internal and external reliability of the network after carring out each epoch of measurements. The results indicate that the network is precise and reliable.
The horizontal movemants of the upper mokattam plateau have been determined by comparing the coordinates obtained from the adjustment of each epoch of measurements. The results of this comparison indicate that there is no horizontalmobements at the middle plateau of mokattam.But there is a relatively large horizontal movements at the upper plateau of mokattam reached to 3.5 cm.at the edge of the plateau and 2.5 cm.at the other places far from the edge in period of one year,1995. The results of movements indicate that the horizontal movements decreasing with time i.e. its value decreasing from an interval to its next one. The horizontal movement in the Y-west direction is larger than that in the X-south direction through all time intervals.The resultant of the horizontal movements at all network stations directed towards the south-west direction.
Recommendations based on the different geologic studies have been suggested by the geologists to eliminate the problems of the upper plateau of mokattam.Based on the geodetic studies during the work of this thesis, recommendations are also suggested to observe the horizontal movements continuously and to start project to observe the vertical movement of the upper plateau.