الفهرس 
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Abstract
from the present experimental results, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1) At dry sliding conditions, the coefficient offriction of the rubber specimen sliding on ceramic surface reaches maximum values, this can be attributed to the increase of the adhesion force between rubber specimen and ceramic surfaces.
2) the coefficient of friction decreases signi ftcantly in lubricated running conditions (water - soap dilution). The presence of the liquid acts as lubricant medium, which reduces the adhesion between the rubber and ceramic surfaces.
3) The coefficient of friction decreases significantly with the increase of the applied normal load when using the water and soap dilution. This can be attributed to the decrease of the contact area of the rubber surface by the effect of the hydrostatic pressure of liquid which is trapped in the gaps between the rubber asperities.
4) The holes number has a significant effect on the increase of the coefficient of friction. it can attributed to,
• Increasing of the contact pressure which tends to increase the interfacial bond between the contact surfaces.
• better drainage capability of water and soap liquid covered the ceramic surface.
5) The coefficient of friction increases with the increase of the rubber specimen thickness. This can be attributed to the increase of the rubber material deformation, which tends to increase the internal friction between the layers of rubber sheet.
6) For sand contaminated and water contaminated by sand sliding conditions, the coefficient of friction decreases significantly compared to both of the dry and water running conditions due to rolling and embeddability of the sand particles in the rubber surface which tends to decrease the adhesion force between the contact surfaces.