الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study handled some bee brood diseases in Dakhalia government in the following four trends:
1-Survey on foulbrood disease in Dakahlia governorate at fourth districts.
2-Laboratory investigations on different pathogens of brood diseases.
3-Identification of pathogen Peanibacillus larvae by PCR.
4- Field experiments.
Material and methods Survey of bacterial and fungal brood disease in Dakahlia governorate.
Some honey bee apiaries were selected from four directions in four districts (Mansoura, Metghamer, Meet salceel, and Bilqas) of Dakahlia governorate for the current study. Apiaries contain 100 or 150 colonies of Apis mellifera, (hybrid Carniolan) sampling were taken randomly from each direction and middle in apiaries at morning. Laboratory investigation :- Gram strain test: Starch hydrolysis (Amylase test): Catalase production Casein hydrolysis (Caseinase test): Gelatin liquefaction (Gelatinase test): Voges-Proskauer test. Nitrate reduction test: Roby test: Inhibitory effect of some essential oils and MIC on the radial growth of Peanibacillus larvae and Ascosphera apis: Inhibitory effect of antimicrobial susceptibility test and MIC. Antimicrobial susceptibility and MIC test of PEE. Identified of Peanibacillus larvae by using PCR. Field experiments in bee colony:
Results Field diagnosis of the diseased brood combs in Dakahlia apiaries pointed out to a stern infestation with foulbrood harming in some apiaries up to 5-10% of the colonies. The appearance of AFB gone down in all apiaries in autumn and winter but The appearance of EFB gone up in all apiaries in spring and summer during 2010- 2011. The highest infestations with CHB and Stone brood disease were in winter, while it were disappeared in summer season. CHB and stone brood exhibited high percent of infection (12-15 and 15-20 %, respectively) in Meet salceel and Bilqas during winter and low percent (0-5%) in Mansoura and Metghamer during spring and summer seasons of 2010-2011. Gram strain test: It had positive, Starch hydrolysis (Amylase test): It had positive Catalase production It had positive Casein hydrolysis (Caseinase test): It had positive Gelatin liquefaction (Gelatinase test) It had positive Voges-Proskauer test: It had positive test of the appearance of red color indicated. Nitrate reduction test: The most strains of P. l. ssp. larvae are positive for this reaction Roby test: the infected larva sticks tenaciously and the contents can be drawn out into a long thread or rope, longer than 2.5 cm is AFB but EFB is short less 2.5. Result showed that Cinnamon oil was the most inhibitory effect on radial growth of P. larvae giving 1.5, 1.1, 0.95 and zero cm reduction in mycelium growth at all concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5 and 2 % respectively. Result showed that Cinnamon oil was the most inhibitory effect on radial growth of A. apis giving 0(zero) reduction in mycelium growth at all concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5 respectively. A multiplex PCR of P. l. ssp assay which detect and discriminate of PL4 and PL5 PCR amplicons at 700bp (PCR product), this target site appear. Data showed recording the monthly and total of sealed workers brood square inches for healthy and disease colonies and the infected percentage in brood. The highly infected of brood were in May 2011(49.15%) and November 2010 (42.27%). Estimation of stored pollen was the highest rate in August 2010. Stored pollen areas were decreased in diseased colonies during Oct 2010 (49.82 %) and April 2011(64.47%). Results compared the effect of antibiotic and oil on workers brood area in different treatments .Treat 2 showed that the high effect of antibiotic on workers brood sealed comparing with oil. However treat 3 had the highest effect of oil on workers brood area then treat 5 of oil had also high effect compare with the same treat of antibiotic.