الفهرس 
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Abstract
Avian influenza is highly contagious disease that can affect
wide varities of birds and cause severe economic losses.
In this study the obtained results were as :
Samples were collected from thirty three poultry flocks either
backyard or poultry farms showed high mortalities, respiratory
signs, cyanosis in comb and wattles, haemo on shank some times
and DROP in egg production. P.m lesions in form of congestion in
all internal organs. Tissue organs from freshly dead chickens or
tracheal and cloacal swabs from alive birds were collected in
different seasons, from different breeds (baladi, cobb, hub bard,
saso, lohman) either vaccinated or non vaccinated.
The samples were processed in PBS with antibiotic mixture for
cultivation on ECE via inoculation allantoic cavity and
incubation for 24- 72 hrs. dead embryoes were harvested. The
allantoic fluids were tested for haemagglutination activity.
Twenty five flock were positive HA.
Haemagglutination AF were screened with Rapid AI type A test
kits .Nineteen were positive for type A avian influenza.
Further more, six samples were identified using single step R T-
PCR against H5 AI primer and give + ve results.
Three samples (Cl, C3, C6) (Cl,C3 samples 2010) , (c6 sample
of 2011) were sequencened and compared with others H5
published strains from Gen Bank either international or
egyptian and the results showed high similarity as the following.