الفهرس 
Information on botulinum toxinOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 103 |  |  |
| | | from | 103 | | |
Abstract
Botulinum toxin is produced by the bacterium Clostridium which produces
seven antigen- specific neurotoxins A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Botulinum
toxin type A is the most commonly utilized for ocular purposes. Botulinum
neurotoxin blocks neuromuscular transmission thus when injected I.M. at
therapeutic doses, botulinum toxin produces a partial chemical denervation
of the muscle resulting in localized muscle paralysis. This paralysis is
however temporary. The injection takes about two days to start working and
usually lasts up to three months. The effect is local to the injection site.
Botulinum toxin interferes with neurotransmission not only at the
neuromuscular junction but also in the cholinergic autonomic
parasympathetic and postganglionic sympathetic nervous system. As such
it is increasingly found useful in the treatment of various disorders of the
autonomic nervous system.