الفهرس 
Cover Page Title in EnglishOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 89 |  |  |
| | | from | 89 | | |
Abstract
Piroplasmosis is one of the most important and serious pathogenic protozoal disease of cattle, sheep, goats and camels caused by Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma and Trypanosoma species. As well as, trypanosomiasis of camel caused by Trypanosoma evansi
The blood parasites in Al Jabal Al Akhdar area had a little attention, so, the aims of this study were to, estimate the prevalence of blood parasites affecting large and small ruminants in the studied area, identification of the revealed parasites, their prevalence and seasonal dynamics by using blood smears examination and assessment of the relationship between blood parasites infection and age and breed of the infected animals .
This study was carried out between February 2010 and January 2011 in Al Jabal Al Akhdar governorate which is occupies about 1% of all the Libyan area and including three district areas (Al Merj, El Beida, and Derna).
A total number of 787 head of cattle, sheep, goats and camels 221, 265, 151, and 150 respectively were examined clinically and by microscopical examination for the presence and detection of /blood parasites .Out of which 276 (35.06%) were from Al Merj, 285 (36.21%) were from El Beida and 226 (28.71%) were from Derna .The results showed that, from a total of 221 Giemsa stain blood smear of different age and breed cattle (83 cow from Al Merj, 81cow from El Beida and 57 cow from Derna) were investigated in the present study by oil immersion lens, the study revealed that 66 (29.86%) of cattle were infected with blood parasites .
Between the three localities, the higher prevalence of blood parasites in cattle was in Al Merj (31.32%) ,followed by El Beida (29.62%) and low prevalence was in Derna (28.07%), also, the highest percentage of Babesia sp. was in Al Merj (18.07%), followed by Derna (17.54%) and in El Beida was (14.81%) . In Theileria infection in cattle, high percentage was recorded in El Beida (8.64%) followed by Al Merj (8.43%) and the low prevalence was in Derna (7.01%) . In Anaplasma infection in cattle high percentage was in El Beida (6.17%) ,followed by Al Merj (4.8%) and the lowest prevalence was observed in Derna (3.50%) .
According to seasonal activity of blood parasites in cattle, the study revealed that highest percentage was (54.90%) in summer season, followed by (36%) in spring season , (21.81%) in autumn and the lowest prevalence was (12.30%) in winter season
Concerning prevalence of blood parasites, the highest percentage of Babesia sp. was in spring season (26%), in summer season was (15.68%), in autumn was (14.45%),while the lowest prevalence was in winter season (12.30%). In Theileria sp. infection in cattle, the high prevalence was (29.41%) in summer season, low incidence was (5.45%) in autumn season, no incidence observed in spring or winter season . In Anaplasma sp. infection in cattle, high incidence was recorded in spring season (10%) followed by (9.80%) in summer, (1.81%) in autumn, no incidence recorded in winter season .
Regarding age of cattle , the present study showed that, the high prevalence of blood parasites was (32.45%) in cattle aged more than 4 years and the low incidence was (27.10%) in cattle aged 2-4 years.
According to breed of cattle high incidence was (40.54%) in exotic breed, followed by (30.55%) in mixed breed and the lowest incidence was recorded in local breed (18.66%) .
In sheep and goats, the results revealed that, Out of 265 sheep and 151 goat examined clinically, microscopically and hematologically, (31.32%), (30.46%) were found infected with blood parasites respectively .
According to localities, the incidence of Babesia sp. infection in sheep was high (24%) in Al Merj, followed by (22.10%) in El Beida and (15.71%) in Derna . In Anaplasma sp. infection the high incidence recorded in El Beida (11.57%), followed by Derna (10%) and the lowest incidence was recorded in Al Merj (9%) . In goats, high incidence of Babesia sp. was recorded in Al Merj (25.86), followed by Derna (23.25%) and the lowest incidence was in El Beida (22%). In Anaplasma sp. infection in goats ,high incidence was recorded in Al Merj (8.62%), followed by El Beida (6%), in Derna was (4.65%) .
In relation to seasonal activity of blood parasites in sheep and goats, the study revealed that, the high prevalence of Babesia sp. infection in sheep was observed in summer season (34.54%), followed by spring season (18.75%), in autumn (18.46%) and the lowest prevalence was (15.38%) in winter season. Also, incidence of Anaplasma sp. infection in sheep was high (20%) in summer season followed by (12.5%) in spring, (9.23%) in autumn , while no infection observed in winter season . In goats, high infection rate of Babesia sp. was (33.33%) in summer season, followed by (30.76%) in spring season, (17.5%) in autumn season and the lowest incidence was (15%) in winter season, while in Anaplasma sp. infection, high incidence was (15.55%) in summer season, followed by (7.69%) in spring season, (2.5%) was in autumn , no infection recorded in winter season .
Regarding to age in sheep and goats , the highest incidence of infection with blood parasites was in animals aged between 2-4 years and low incidence was in animals aged more than 4 years, while the lowest incidence was observed in animals less than 2 year .
According to blood parameters that include RBCs, WBCs, PCV and Hb%, the results indicated that ,the Babesia, Theileria and Anaplasma sp. cause disturbance in blood characters and decreasing of RBCs, WBCs, PCV and Hb% in infected animals of either cattle, sheep and goats .
The examination of Giemsa stained blood smears from 150 camel did not reveal infection with any type of blood parasites .