الفهرس 
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Abstract
Three field experiments were carried out during the growing seasons of 1983/84 and 1984/85 at the Experimental
Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture Moshtohor, Zagazig
University (Benha Branch) to elucidate the effect of some
commercial foliferti1izers. chelated micronutrients or
growth regula tor s f01 iar app1 ica tion on vegeta tive growt h,
chemical composition of leaves 1lower head yield and quality of artichoke plants :cv. Herious (French).
First Experiment :
It included 10 treatments resulted from 3 levels (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 %) for each of the commercial folifertilizers
LrraL, Bayfo1an and Folifertile plus untreated control
treatment. Sprays were done three times at 60, 80 and
100 days from planting. Obtained results can be summarized
as fo1lows:-
1. All used fo1ifertilizers treatments significantly
enhanced plant vegetative growth characteristics i.e.
plant height, number of leaves/plant and length as
well as fresh weight of the 4lh leaf. In this respect,the most favourable treatments were Irral at 0.1%,
Bayfolan at 0.4% and Folifertile at 0.2%. On the other
hand, studied folifertilizers had either no significant
effect or even depressed dry matter percentage of 2. Most of fo1iferti1izers treatments significantly
promoted chlorophyll a, b as well as carotene content
of leaves, whereby Irra1 at 0.1%, Bayfo1an at 0.4%
and Folifertile at 0.3% were superior, especially
with regard to chlorophyll.
3. All examined folifertilizers treatments increased N,
P and K % in leaves than the control. The medium used
level (0.2%) of all folifertilizers was best regarding
Nand PI. whereas~high medium and low level of Irral,
Bayfolan and Folifertile, respectively were superior
regarding K%.
4. All studied folifertilizers treatments increased significantly
reducing and total sugars content of plant
leaves reaching its maximum values when Irral, Bayfolan
and Folifertile were added at 0.1. 0.4 and 0.2%.
respectively. With regard to non-reducing sugars,
non difinite trend could be concluded.
5. Early flower head yield by weight and number either
per plant or per feddan as well as average weight
of flower head had been. greatly increased due to various
folifertilizers application. The most favourable effect
was noticed by using 0.1% Irral 0.4% Bayfolan or 0.1%
Folifertile. hence it increased ear~y yield as kg/plant
by 150. 149 or 143 %. respectively over the control.
6. All used foliferti1izers treatments increased average
Flower head weight as well as total yield by weight
and number either per plant or per unit area. wherea~
Irral at 0.1, Foliferti1e at 0.2 or Bayfolan at 0.4%
were the most pronouncing treatments inducing an
increase of 55, 44 or 34 %, respectively in plant
yield productivity by weight over the control during
both seasons.
7. Foliar folifertilizers application obviously enhanced
length and diameter of produced flower heads as well
as thickness, diameter and fresh weight of their
receptacles (edible parts). Moreover, it increased
dry matter, N, P and K percentages as well as reducing
and total sugars content of receptacles. Treatments
that induced highest total flower head yield were
the most superior in this respect.
It may be concluded that for getting the highest early
flower head yield productivity with best quality it is
ad visiable to spray art ichoke plants three times at 60,
80 and 100 days from planting with 0.1 % Irral, 0.4%
Bayfolao or 0.1 % Foliferti1e. As for total flower head
yield production, the same previously mentioned levels
of Irral and Bayfolao or 0.2 % of Folifertile may be
recommended.
Second Experiment:
This experiment consisted of 10 treatments, which
resulted from 3 levels of each of Fe (60, 90 and 120 ppm),
Mn (192, 288 and 384 ppm)
and Zn (112, 168 and 224 ppm) in che1 ated forms pIus
untreated control treatment. These micronutrints were
sprayed three times at 20 days intervals starting two
months after planting. The most important results were
as follows:
1. All micronutrients treatments mostly enhanced significantly
all studied vegetative growth characteristics
compared to control. Medium levels of both Fe and
Mn and high one of Zn exceeded all other treatments
in this respect.
2. Among studied treatments, Zn at its lowest level (112
ppm) followed by Mn at its medium used level (288 ppm)
led to the highest increment in photosynthetic pigments
content in artichoke plant leaves.
3. Although P% of leaves had not been significantly
affected due to all tested micronutrients, N as well
as K percentages were significantly enhanced, whereby
medium Fe level (90 ppm) as well as the low level
of each of Mn (192 ppm) and Zn (112 ppm) were best
in this respect.
4. Foliar application of Fe, Mn or Zn within all used
concentrations significantly increased the reducing
and total sugars content of leaves compared to control.High Fe as well as low Zn levels were inferior in
this respect. Non-reducing sugars were Positively affected only duri ng the fir st season. where medium
level of each of Fe and Zn were best.
5. All micronutrients treatments significantly improved
flower heads early yield parameters. In a descending order, Zn, Fe and Mn at their highest levels were
best, since it induced 209, 174 and 154% trespectively early flower head yield as kg/plant over the control
during both seasons.
6. All tested micronutrients treatments significantly
increased flower heads total yield parameters with
the superiority of Mn and Fe at their medium levels
and Zn at its high level, which resul ted in 75 t 59
and 51%, respectively over the total yield of control
trea tment as kg/plant duri ng both seas ons , Such
increment is mainly due to the improving effect of
such treatments on average flower head weight and its number per plant as well.
7. Fe, Mn or Zn foliar application with various used rates improved significantly studied physical characters of either flower head or its receptacle. Furthermore, it enhanced dry matter, N, P and K percentages as
well as reducing and total sugars content of the edible
part (receptacle) of artichoke.
It may be concluded that for producing the highest
early flower head yield productivity. the high used levels
of ei ther Zn (224 ppm) t Fe (120 ppm or Mn 384 ppm in their
chelated forms may be recommended in case of total flower
head yield production. it is advisable to use ei ther the
same high Zn level or the medium I evels of both Mn (288 ppm)
or Fe( 90 ppm).Third Experiment:
This experiment contained 10 t rea tmen ts gained from three levels of each of GA3 (50 100 and 2000 ppm) and NAA
100(100.and 200 ppm). eee
(500. 200 and 400 ppm)
plus untreated control treatment. Growth regulators were
sprayed on artichoke plant foliage three times at 20 days
intervals starting two months after planting. Obtained
results will be summarized as follows:
1. All used growth regulators within all tested concentrations
mostly enhanced all studied vegetative growth The most effective treatments were 200 of 4th leaf.ppm GA3 with
1000 parameters. except dry matter percentage regard to plant height and leaf lengtht. regarding leaf fresh weigh t and 200 ppm NAA with respect
to number of leaves per plant.
2. Growth regulators used did not significantly affect either chlorophyll a or carotene content of leaves.
Contrasting to eee treatments, chlorophyll b content
was gradually increased as GA3 or NAA levels increased.As for total chlorophyll content, using of 100 ppm
or 400 ppm NAA were of the most pronouncing effect.3GA
3
application mostly increased N, P and K percentages
of levels than control, however, eec treatments showed
no significant effect in this respect, except 500 ppm,
which significantly increased N%. Meanwhile, NAA treatments
mostly increased Nand P percentages but no
clear trend could be dectected regarding K % of leaves.
4. The ’highest reducing sugars content in leaves was
associated with using highest level of either GA3
(200 ppm) or NAA (400 ppm) I meanwhile a deer ea sing
tendency was noticed as eee levels increased. As for
non-reducing sugars content, used growth regulators
treatments showed a retarding effect in this respect,
except low level GA3 and medium level of the both
cee and NAA.
5. All used growth regula tors, wi th the superior ity of
GA
3
treatments enha~ced flower heads early yield
productivity. For each growth substance, the most
enhancing concentration was 200 ppm GA3, 200 ppm NAA,
and 2000 ppm eec, hence it resu! ted in 220, 88 and
43 % increment in early yield as kg/plant over control
during both seasons.
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6. Studied growth regulators treatments significantly
promoted flower heads total yield productivity by
weight and number compared to control. The super treatment
of each growth substance was GA3. at 50 ppm, eee
at sao ppm and NAA at 200 ppm, which produced 65,
49 and 46 % respectively over control as kg/plant
during both seasons.
7. Contrasting to the effect on flower head diameter, enhanced flower head length, eee depressed it,
meanwhile NAA showed no significant effect. With
respect, to flower head receptacle, all used growth
substances generally improved its studied physical
parameters as well as dry matter, N, P and K percentages
compared to control. As for reducing and total sugars content, GA proved to be of a depressive effect
however both eee and NAA were of moderate stimulative
effect. A retarding influence on non-reducing sugars
could be dectected as a result of GA3 or eee applications.
However, the effect of NAA on non-reducing sugars
during both seasons was flactuated.It may be concluded that GA3 foliar application showed
the most enhancing effect on flower head early as well
as total yield produc ti vi ty as compared wi th ei ther eee
or NAA. For export purposes the high GA3 used level (200 ppm) may be
recommended. For improving total yield any of (SO ppm) GA3, 500 ppm
eec or 200 ppm NAA may be advisable.