الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was conducted at the .Horticultur- \
al Experiment Station at Barrage, Kaliobiae ;norate
-during two successive seasons 1983 and 1984, to study
the performance, productivity and fruit characteristics
of seven seedling loquat trees as well as three
grafted loquat trees on quince rootstock of 27-yearold:
The obtained results could be summarized as
follows :-
1- Tree growth
All the studied loquat trees varied greatly in tree
growth parameters.
a. Concerning shoot length, tree No. (2-2) gave the
longest shoots, followed by those of grafted trees
as well as trJ.ee No. (3-4). The shor.test shoots were
produced b, ~~~e No. (3-11). Moreover, trees No.
(3-2), (2-1), (2-4) and (2-3) gave shoots medium in
their lengths.
b. As for number of nodes per shoot, tree No. (3-4)
surpassed all other trees, followed by tree No. (2-2)
and grafted trees. The least number of nodes were
noticed with shoots of trees No. (2-1) and (2-4).Other trees came in between in comparison with the
highest and lowest limits.
c. Referring to leaf length, tree No. (2-1) and grafted
trees gave the longest leaves. Moreover, leaf
length of trees No. (3-2), (3-3), (2-2) and (4-4)
were similar and took the average of the population.
Th~ shortest leaves were produced by tree No. (3-4)
and (3-11).
d. Considering leaf width, the widest leaves were remarked
on grafted trees, whereas the values of trees No. (3-2) and (3-11) were the least. Other trees
were in between in this respect.
e. With respect to leaf index, trees No. (3-2) and (2-1)
gave the highest values of leaf index, whereas trees
No. (3-4) had the lowest value. No differences were
noticed between the other trees in this respect.f. As leaf area was concerned, the largest leaf surface
area was produced by tree No. (2-1) and grafted trees.
Meanwhile, the least leaf surface area was remarked
on tree No. (3-11). Other trees lie within the population
in this respect.
g. As for the relationship of leaf area and its length
and width it was found that Leaf area (cm2) of seedling trees =0.73 X leaf length (em.) X leaf width (em.).
Leaf area (em ) of grafted trees =
0.68 X leaf length (em.) X Leaf width (em.)
h. With respect to leaf petiole length, leaves of
tree No. (2-2) have the longest petiole. On the
contrary, trees No. (3-3) and (2-1) have the shortest
leaf petiole. Moreover, values of leaf petiole
length of other trees lie in between.
2- Tree flowering
The flowering aspects of the different studied
loquat trees varied greatly as follow :-
a. In regard to blooming period and blooming duration,
grafted trees as well as both trees No. (2-1)
and (3-4) bloomed earlier than all other studied
trees (September, 20th. 1983 and October, 10.:.!;1h9.84)_
Meanwhile, tree No. (2-2),
(2-4), (3-2), (3-3) and (3-U) started to bloom later
(October, 1st.) 1983 and October, 20th. 1984}.
On the other hand, all studied trees ended blooming
period in 1983 season in November, 2”Oth. whereas,
in the second season, grafted trees and trees No.
(2-1) and (3-4) terminated their blooming (Dece!niJer, 5th.)
P2 earlier than other trees (ended blooming December,Consequently blooming duration for grafted
trees as well as trees No. (2-1) and (3-4) lasted
60 and 56 days in the first and second seasons respectively,
whereas, it was 50 and 51 days in 1983
and 1984 seasons respectively for other trees.
b. Regarding number of flowers per branch, it varied
greatly from season to another in most studied trees.
However, branches of tree No. (2-2) had the highest
number of flowers.
and had moderate
comparison.
,Other trees were nearly similar
number of flowers per branch in II- Pollen grain
1. Pollen grain morphology
a. General appearance
The fresh pollen grains, in mass looked light yellow dust to the naked eye and appeared brownish
under the microscope.
b. Polarity and symmetry
Pollen grains were radiosymmetric, isopolar and
aperturate. In equatorial view, they looked elliptical
to oblong with single or two furrows.
c. General furrows and germspores
The pollen grains were tricolpate with spherical germ pores located at the center of each calpi.
d. Pollen grain size
Pollen grains were always of medium size, with
the exception of trees No. (3-11), (3-2) and (3-3)
as they had very few number of small pollens
e. Pollen grain shape
Pollen grain shape was prolate for grafted trees
and tree No. (3-3), and ranged between prolate and
sub prolate for trees No. (3-4), (2-2) and (3-11).
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2 - Viability test
a. ’Fresh pollen grains of different loquat trees showed
100% viability with acetocarmin staining test.
b. Pollen grain germination
The lowest value of pollen grain germination was
recorded by tree No. (3-4), while the highest value
was noticed with trees No. (2-2) and (2-1). Other
trees were in between.
c. Pollen tube elongation.
”’:: ”’”’ o’l(”’19 <;. -1’
The pollen tube was noticed with
tree No. (3-4), while the optimum length was found
with tree No. (2-2), followed by trees No. (3-3)
and (2-1). Other trees gave satisfactory tube
elongation.
111- Concerning early stages of flowering for different
studied loquat trees, although most .flowers
were opened, other remained completely closed and
did not shed pollens. Nevertheless, shed pollen
gave no more than 50% pollen germination, whereas
they showed 100% viability in acetocarmin test.3- Tree fruiting
a. The highest value of fruit set percentage was
noticed with trees No. (3-11) and (2-4). No remarkable
differences were noticed between other trees.b. Referring to fruiting percentage, no clear trend
was noticed in this respect, since tree No. (3-11)
had the highest percentage of fruiting in the first
season and noticeably low value in the second season.
Other trees came in between in both seasons.
c. Regarding yield as kg. per tree, the highest
yield was noticed with tree, No. (2-2), followed
by trees No. (2-4), (3-11), (2-1) and (3-2) in
descending order. Moreover, tree No. (3-3) gave the
lowest yield.
d. As for number of fruits per tree, it followed nearly
the same pattern of yield as kg. per tree for
different trees.
e. In respect to yield as kg. per cm2 of trunk. cross
sectional area, grafted trees trees No. (2-2)
and (3-4) showed the highest value in this respect.
The least values in this concern were noticed w~th
trees No. (3-2) and (3-3).
f. Concerning harvesting duration, trees No. (2-1),(2-4), (3-2) and (3-11) were similar. Meanwhile,
fruits of grafted trees as well as those of tree
No. (3-4) took longer harvesting duration.
4- Fruit quality
1- Fruit physical properties
a. Considering fruit weight, tree No. ,(2-4) gave the
lightest fruits. Meanwhile, the heaviest fruits
were produced from tree No. (3-4). Other trees
showed more or less similar values.
b. As for fruit length, tree No. (3-4) gave the tallest
fruits. Nevertheless, tree No.(3-11) gave
relatively short fruits. No remarkable differences
were noticed among other trees.
c. Regardin9 fruit diameter, the widest fruits were
produced from trees No. (2-2) and (2-4). On the
contrary, fruits of tree No. (3-4) showed relatively
the lowest value in this respect.
d. Concerning fruit index (LID), tree No. (2-4) gave
comparatively the highest fruit index value. On the
contrary, tree No. (2-2) gave the least value in this
respect. Other trees were in between.
e. With respect to pUlp percentage, the highest value
of pulp perc.entage was observed with. tree No. (2-4),
followed by the grafted trees and tree No. (3-11).
On the other hand, the lowest value of pUlp percentage
was noticed with tree No. (2-2).
f. In regard to pulp thickness, fruits of both trees
No. (3-3) and (2-4} had relatively the highest pUlp thickness, followed by those of grafted trees.
Moreover, tree No. (3-11) showed comparatively the
least pulp thickness. Other trees lie within the
population in this respect.
g. Referring to number of seeds per fruit, the greatest
number of seeds per fruit was produced from tree
No. (3-3) followed by those of trees No. (2-1) and
(2-2). Moreover, trees No. (2-4), (3-2), (3-4) and
grafted trees gave not only the lowest but also similar
values in this respect.
h. Considering seed weight, the least seed weight was
noticed with tree No. (3-3). On the contrary, the
highest seed weight was obtained with grafted,trees.
,Other trees were in general similar in their values
in this respect.
i. As for fruit colour, all studied trees varied in their fruit co.Iouz’ert.L,onFruits of tree No. (2-were yellow, whereas, fruits of trees No. (2-2),
(2-1), (3-4), (3-2) and grafted trees were yelloworange
in colour with different numbers of the
Colour Chart. Moreover, fruits of trees No. (3-11)
and (3-3) were orange in colour.
II- Fruit chemical properties
a. The average of two seasons showed that the highest
percentage of T.S.S. existed in fruits of tree No.(3-3). On the contrary, the lowest percentages of
T.S.S. were obtained from fruits of trees No. (3-4)
and (3-11). Other studied trees were in between in
this respect.
b. Fruits of tree No. (3-3) were more acid in their
taste. On the other hand, tree No. (3-11) developed
fruits of the lowest value of acidity. Other trees
were in between in this respect.
c.. T.S.S./acid ratio of fruits of studied
trees indicated that the highest value was observed
for tree No. (3-11). In addition, tree No. (3-3)
gave late maturing fruits. Other trees lie within
the population average in this respect-
d. Fruits of tree No. (3~11) contained the h~ghest amount of ascorbic acid, whereas the reverse was
true when trees No. (2-2), (2-4), (3-2) and (3-3)
were concerned.
5- Evaluation of the loquat trees
a. According to fruit quality (fruit weight, pUlp percentage
and the reduction of seeds per fruit), it could be concluded that fruits of trees No. (2-4),
grafted trees and (3-2) are the preferable ones for
the fresh consumption.
b. Regarding evaluation of loquat trees through tree
productivity (i.e. yield kg./tree), the studied
trees could be arranged in descending order according
to their actual superiority in this respect as
follow :-
Tree No. (2-2), (2-4), (3-11), (2-1), (3-2) and
(3-4)