الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Environmental pollution became one of the major problems facing public health as various types of human activities produce large amounts of wastes. Soil, air and water have traditionally been used as sites for disposal of all wastes leading to their contamination. Due to rapid increase in population, Egypt is expanding its agricultural land inspite of limitation of water sources, which require reuse of drainage water for irrigation. Reusing of drainage water without suitable treatment may cause adverse effects on soil, crop, animal, and human health. One of the most polluted drains in Egypt, that used unofficially for irrigation is Bahr El-Bakar drain, Bahr El- Bakar drain system is anoxic over its entire length, it carry a mixture of different discharges including sewage, agriculture and industrial ones, it contains many types of pollutants. the greatest threats arise from heavy metals especially lead and cadmium, as well as different types of pathogens. Despite of these facts this water was used for the irrigation of lands and drinking of animals as in Bahr El-Bakar region where Bahr El-Bakar drain and its tributaries were passed . Though drinking contaminated water and eating contaminated herbage for long period negatively affect animal health performance and the farmers had suffered seriously from this problem, which has caused major economic losses. Lead and cadmium are the two most abundant toxic metals in the environment. The eo exposure to these two toxic metals has synergistic cytotoxicity leading to hematological, pathological and biochemical alterations in exposed animals. |