الفهرس 
Echocardiography in ICUOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Medical sonography is an ultrasound-based diagnostic medical imaging technique used to visualize muscles, tendons, and many internal organs, to capture their size, structure and any pathological lesions with real time tomographic images. (Hangiandreou, 2003)
The portable capability of this modality facilitates the examination and guidance of interventional techniques in critically ill or isolated patients. (Sutton et al., 2003)
It is either both cardiac (Echocardiography) and non-cardiac (lung, abdominal and vascular) ultrasound. (Liebeskind et al., 2002)
Most chest diseases are adequately evaluated with chest radiography. However, when chest radiography does not allow identification of the location and nature of an area of increased opacity, ultrasonography (US) can help establish the diagnosis. (Stephens et al., 2007)
lung ultrasound has been used for diagnosing the lung disorders: pneumothorax, pneumonia, COPD, asthma, and pulmonary embolism. (Lichtenstein et al., 2005)
The Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma protocol has become routine in the management of blunt abdominal trauma. (Helling, et al., 2007)
With widespread use of US techniques, it is reported that successful right internal jugular vein catheterization is achieved with fewer attempts, a reduced incidence of carotid artery (CA) punctures or ‘hits’, an increased success rate and a decreased duration of procedure. (Karakitsos, et al., 2006)
Deep venous thrombosis can be visualized by ultrasound of the major deep veins in up to 80% of patients. (Lichtenstein, Méziére, 2008)
There have been interesting studies using US to assess the upper airways and to predict difficult intubation, especially in obese patients or those with obstructive sleep apnea. It was found that an abundance of fat tissue at the anterior neck region, as measured by US, was a very good independent predictor of difficult laryngoscopy. (Ezri, et al., 2003)