الفهرس 
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Abstract
Pregnancy induced hypertension is a serious pregnancy complication, and is one of the most important causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity.(1,2) The incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension or preeclampsia is 2- 10 percent of pregnancies.(3)
Preeclampsia defined as hypertension 140/90 mmHg or more and proteinuria 0.3 g/24h or more occuring after the 20th week of gestation and in the majority of cases, mild to severe oedema.(4-6) classified into: mild preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia
The etiology of preeclampsia is unknown. There are many theories about the etiology of preeclampsia, it is therefore called the ‘disease of theories’.(7) The most important of them are: placental ischemia,(8-13) immune maladaptation and endothelial cell activation,(17-20) genetic factors,(21-23) imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant forces,(24) nutritional factor, that incidence of preeclampsia was doubled in women whose daily intake of ascorbic acid was less than 85 mg. Calcium supplementation reduces blood pressure and could be beneficial in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.(25)
Eclampsia can be developed as a serious consequence of preeclampsia. There is generalized convulsive fits. It was estimated that eclampsia may complicate 0.2 percent of pregnancies.(74)
Lead is absorbed mainly through inhalation or ingestion. Lead is excreted in bile, then in feces.(93,94) The foetus can be significantly exposed to lead from the mother, which crosses the placenta and a high correlation between maternal and umbilical blood lead levels present.(97,98.