الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The following lines summerize the various topics
whioh were handled in the present investigation with the
purpose of finding the best procedures which could be
employed to remove the toxicity of gossypol of Egyptian
cottonseed meal. The method of presentation of this
summary follows to a great extent the line of approach
used in the presentation of the various topics dealt
with in this dissertation.
I. Preparation of gossypol and gossypol derivatives :
The extraction of pure gossypol was accomplished by
two different methods i.e. glacial acetic acid and aniline.
The yield of gossypol by precipitation with aniline was
satisfactory from extracts of cottonseed with large
amount and high purity. The obtained yellow crystalls
of gossypol-acetic acid from dianilinogossypol was
examined for its purity by determining the melting point;
elementary analysis; ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopic
analysis by comparison with authentic sample and the
results were identical.
II. Preparation of gossypol-lysine and gossypol-ferrous
complexes.
Gossypol-lysine and gossypol-ferrous complexes were
prepared. The ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopic
measurements of the resulted complexes were run out, to
study the nature of the che~cal reaction and elucidated
the properties of the resulted materials
The infrared spectrum of gossypol-lysine complex
showed that the absorption band characterizing the) c=o
group was shifted to longer wavenumber, and the presence
of the strong two bands characterizingoC-amino acids at
1560 cm-l and 1590 cm-l• Such results might give an additional
evidence that the reaction of gossypol through
carbonyl groups took place with the amino group at the
( -position of lysine forming Schiff f s base type.
The infrared spectrum of gossypol-ferrous complex
showed that ferrous ion has much greater preference to
form coordinate bands with the vicinal hydroxy groupS of
gossypol at 6,7,b,7 positions forming a stable fivemembered
ring.
III. Determination of gossypol, protein>and amino acids
in cottonseed meal.
Analysis of the investigated crude cottonseed
meal contained 0.3% free gossypol, 1.49% total gossypol,
1.34% available lysine, 41.56% total protein and
68.6% nitrogen solubility. Thus, it can be safely
stated that cottonseed meal is a good source of protein,
but toxic gossypol percent lies within the toxic value
and limits its use as a protein source for non-ruminants.
IV. Effect of heating periods, moisture, metalic ions
(Fe++ and Ca++) on gossypo1,protein and amino acids
in CSM.
Several attempts were tried to detoxify the cottonseed
meal by different heating periods in the presence
of 8% and 15% moisture with or without ferrous and calcium
ions. These samples included:-
CSM (8% moisture); CSM (15% moisture);
CSM (8% moisture) in the presence of 1% PeSo4;
CSM (15% moisture) in the presence of 1% FeSo4 and
CSM ( 8% moisture) in the presence of 5% Ca(OH)2.
0 All samples were heated at 120 C for 15,30,45,60 and
90 minutes.
Considering the effect of such treatments, not
only on gossypol contents, but also on the available
lysine, the solubility of the meal protein and amino
acids content. The different values obta~ed for both
free and total gossypol showed gradual decrease during
experimental periods, besides the essential amino acids
content were slightly affected.
It is ~portant to point out that, although the
amount of free and total gossypol decreased with increasing
the heating periods, but the samples heated for 60
and 90 minutes turned to dark-brown color.
Heating of cottonseed meal (8% moisture) in the
presence of 1%FeS04 for 45 minutes, caused 70% and
18.9% reduction in free and total gossypol respectively.
The decrease in the available lysine reached to about
11% , while nitrogen solubility amounted to 39.6%.
Heating of cottonseed meal (8% moisture) in the
presence of 5% Ca(OH)2 for 45 minutes, caused 67.3% and
23% reduction in free and total gossypol respectively.
The reduction in available lysine reached to 11.9%,
while nitrogen solubility amounted to 39.77. The two
formentioned samples were used in biological evaluation.
v. Biological evaluation of untreated and treated cottonseed
meals.
Cottonseed meal (8% moisture content) heated only
for 45 minutes in the presence of 1% FeSo4 and / or 5%
Ch(OH)2 were used in the biological evaluation experi-
menta. Beside the two treated samples, UCSM, soybean
and casein were used as control experiments.
The two investigated meals,beside UCSM without or
with soybean flour were used as the source of protein
in formulating twelve diets, which were fed to growing
albino rats. Weight gain, blood haemoglobin, total
protein in serum and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase
(S.GPT) were measured to evaluate the diets.
Vfuen untreated cottonseed meal was used as the
sole source of protein, it caused lowest increase in
body weight comparing with other groups, beside the
rate of mortality was relatively high. Also, a noticeable
decrease in haemoglobin, serum total protein and
the S.GPT level was highly increased. Addition of
soybean flour to the meal of cottonseed with di~ferent
ratios resulted in a relative increase in body weight and
the rate of mortality gradually decreased.
When cottonseed meal treated with 1% FeSo4 and /
or 5% Ca(OH)2 were mixed with soybean flour with different
ratios to provide 10% total protein, animals of
these meals gained much in weight than those fed on soybean
flour alone. In addition, no morta1ity cases were
recorded throughout the course of eXper~ent in groups
recieved cottonseed meal treated with ferrous or
calcium ions. The effect of feeding diets containing
treated cottonseed meals showed a reasonable and
encouraging results in haemoglobin, total protein in
serum and S.GPT enzyme.