الفهرس 
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and premature mortality in chronic kidney disease while it is well established that patients with kidney failure (chronic kidney disease stage 5) are at high risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.
Patients with CKD often have many traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as older age, hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia and low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
Several non traditional factors have been implicated as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in H.D patients such as increased vascular and visceral calcifications which were associated with hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcemia and have been correlated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Anemia is another highly prevalent nontraditional cv risk factor in HD Patients. Furthermore, HD patients with anemia were more likely to be hospitalized than those with normal hemoglobin levels. Anemia remains a significant risk factor for both morbidity and mortality.
25(OH) D can engage and activate the vitamin D receptor and has important biological actions. Serum levels of 25(OH) D reflect the body’s vitamin D status; and deficiency has been found to predict risk for autoimmune diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, infection and cancers. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a global phenomenon.
Vitamin D has also been shown to reduce the activation of the systemic and cardiac renin-angiotensin system, which contributes to hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy.
The aim of this work is to study the possible relation between blood level of (25hydroxy-cholecalicferol) and cardiovascular complications as assessed by resting ECG and doppler Echocardio graphy in diabetic chronic hemodialysis patients.
Our patients were divided into 2 groups (Group A and B).