الفهرس 
Gonadal embryologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Advances in laparoscopic instrumentation and refinement in technique have contributed to the development of laparoscopic orchidopexy as the preferred treatment of the intra-abdominal testis
Laparoscopy is the best method for diagnosing un-descended testes .It has an accuracy rate of 100%.
Laparoscopic examination of non-palpable testes is considered the most effective, rapid, accurate, least invasive procedure for localizing non-palpable testes and making sure of or precluding, the presence of the gonad. It is the only exploratory procedure that is accurate enough to enable the diagnosis of non-palpable testis and allow the surgical Treatment to be done in the same setting. However, it’s strongly recommend careful exploration of the abdomen, tracing the vas and vessels, before labelling a non-palpable testis as absent.
Laparoscopic orchiopexy is a natural extension of diagnostic laparoscopy for the intraabdominal testis
The reported success of laparoscopic orchidopexy for delivering a viable testicle to the scrotum with minimal postoperative morbidity is consistently reported as superior to that of the open approach. In addition, the benefits of improved cosmoses, shorter convalescence, and increased magnification allowing for better visualization have driven laparoscopic-directed management as the standard approach for the undescended testis.
This study tried to assess roughly the effectiveness of laparoscopy as a diagnostic tool and treatment of non-palpable undescended testis.
By following the principles of laparoscopy, we have been able to achieve excellent results. Conservation of a wide peritoneal window, in addition to high ligation of the testicular vessel when necessary, improves the chance the testicle will survive. Minimal and gentle handling of the gonad also contributes to preservation of its delicate blood supply.
This study dealt with a very small number of patients and this issue still needs more researches to study all the benefits and disadvantage and shall need further study on a wide range of patients.