الفهرس 
METHODOLOGY (PROCEDURES)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In 1943, LOS was first described and defined, by Manfred
Bleuler, as a form of schizophrenia which occurs after the age
of 40 (Convert et al., 2006). With what represented
unprecedented transatlantic agreement (in LOS terms), neither
ICD-10 nor DSM-IV contained separate diagnoses for LOS
(Howard et al., 2000).The only appearance of the term LOS as
a diagnostic entity was in DSM-III-R, where the diagnostic
criteria for schizophrenia included the instruction that one
should “specify late onset if the disturbance (including the
prodromal phase) develops after age 45”. The diagnostic
criteria for schizophrenia in the DSM-IV and in its text revision
make no restrictions or distinctions based on age at onset. That
is, LOS is included with “regular” schizophrenia with no
specifier added to the label (Palmer et al., 2003).